Before taking office in the Assembly, Peters had served since 2016 on the Burlington County Board of Chosen Freeholders. As a freeholder, Peters served on the board's Personnel and Military Affairs committees and was appointed as the liaison to the county's Department of Public Safety and to the Burlington County Prosecutor’s Office. When he was sworn in as freeholder in 2016 together with his running mate Kate Gibbs, they gave the county the state's youngest freeholder board, with Peters being 33 years old and Gibbs 29.
In September 2017, Peters was chosen by the Burlington County Republican Committee to run for the Assembly seat after two-term incumbent Maria Rodriguez-Gregg deciding against running for election after an incident earlier that year in which police thought that she was driving under the influence following a traffic accident. In the November 2017 general election, Peters and his running mate, incumbent Joe Howarth, defeated Democratic challengers Joanne Schwartz and Maryann Merlino to win both Assembly seats from the district for the Republicans. Of all 40 districts, the race in the 8th District was the closest in the state, with 650 votes separating the first and fourth vote-getters. With Joanne Schwartz, the closest Democratic candidate 350 votes behind Peters for the second seat from the district, the Democratic Party had considered filing for a recount; Peters stepped down from the Board of Chosen Freeholders, leaving Republicans to fill the seat with a candidate who could run in the November 2018 general election with fellow incumbent Kate Gibbs, with control of the board in the balance. In January 2018, former freeholder Linda Hughes was selected to fill the seat vacated by Peters when he took office in the Assembly. On January 14, 2020, Peters was sworn into his second term in the New Jersey General Assembly.
Committees
Appropriations
Financial Institutions and Insurance
State and Local Government
District 8
Each of the 40 districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly. The other representatives from the 8th District for the 218th Legislature are:
In July 2018, Peters was included in InsiderNJ's list of Millennials on the Rise. In December 2019, Peters was recognized by InsiderNJ as Politician of the Year in their 2019 Retrospective Edition.