Sa Huỳnh culture


The Sa Huỳnh culture was a culture in modern-day central and southern Vietnam that flourished between 1000 BC and 200 AD. Archaeological sites from the culture have been discovered from the Mekong Delta to Quang Binh province in central Vietnam. The Sa Huynh people were most likely the predecessors of the Cham people, an Austronesian-speaking people and the founders of the kingdom of Champa.

Description

The site at Sa Huỳnh was discovered in 1909. Sa Huỳnh sites were rich in locally worked iron artefacts, typified by axes, swords, spearheads, knives and sickles. In contrast, bronze artifacts were dominant in the Đông Sơn culture sites found in northern Vietnam and elsewhere in mainland Southeast Asia.
The Sa Huỳnh culture cremated adults and buried them in jars covered with lids, a practice unique to the culture. Ritually broken offerings usually accompanied the jar burials. The culture is also typified by its unique ear ornaments featuring two-headed animals, believed by some to depict saola. The ornaments were commonly made from jade, but also made from glass. Bead ornaments were also commonly found in Sa Huynh burials, most commonly made from glass.

Trade network

The Sa Huỳnh culture showed evidence of an extensive trade network that existed between 500 BC to AD 1500, known as the Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere. It was mainly between Sa Huỳnh and the Philippines, but also extended into archaeological sites in Taiwan, Southern Thailand, and northeastern Borneo. It is characterized by shared red-slipped pottery traditions, as well as double-headed and penannular ornaments known as lingling-o made from materials like green jade, green mica, black nephrite and clay. Sa Huynh also produced beads made from glass, carnelian, agate, olivine, zircon, gold and garnet; most of whom use materials that are also imported. Han Dynasty-style bronze mirrors were also found in Sa Huynh sites.

Timeline of Iron age


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from: -771 till: -221 shift: text:Sa Huỳnh culture
from: -221 till: 500 shift: text:Óc Eo culture
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from: -221 till: 500 shift: text:Imperial Vietnam
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from: -500 till: -108 text:Ifugao society
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from: -108 till: -18 shift: text:Ancient Barangay
from: -18 till: 500 text:Archaic epoch
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from: -500 till: -108 text:Prehistory of Indonesia
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from: -108 till: -18 shift: text:Buni culture
from: -18 till: 500 text:Early Kingdoms

Artifacts