In March 1935, Shimomura was assigned to the staff of the Kwantung Army, returning to Japan in December to serve as an instructor at the Army Staff College. He was promoted to major general in March 1936. He returned to the General Staff as Chief of the 4th Bureau from August 1936, and of the 1st Bureau from September 1937. The 1st Bureau was in charge of operational planning, and Shimomura was strong proponent of a more aggressive approach towards the Kuomintang government in the Shanghai area and his recommendations influenced the decision of the Japanese General Staff to authorize the landings of the Japanese Tenth Army at the start of the Battle of Shanghai. he was assigned command of Tokyo Bay Fortress in September 1938. Shimomura was promoted to lieutenant general in March 1939. He was appointed commandant of the Artillery School in August 1940, and of the Army Staff College in September 1941. He was given a field command in October 1942 in the form of the Japanese Thirteenth Army, a garrison force based in Shanghai and surrounding provinces primarily to deter the possible landings of the Allies of World War II in the lower Yangtze River area of east central China. In March 1944, Shimomura was withdrawn to the Japanese home islands and became commander of the Western District Army, another force intended to defend against Allied landings. However, in November 1944, he was sent back to China as commander of the North China Area Army. In May 1945, Shimomura was promoted to full general, and on 23 August, was appointed final Army Minister under the Shidehara cabinet. One of the reasons for his selection was that he had never been involved in hostilities against the United States at any point in his military career. Shimomura was also concurrently the final Inspector-General for Military Training. His primary task was to oversee the demobilization of the Imperial Japanese Army. As with all other members of the former Japanese government, Shimomura was briefly taken into custody by the American occupation authorities from 1946 to 1947, but was released without charges filed. In 1955, Shimomura was asked to help create the post-war Japan Defense Agency. In June 1959, he was elected to the House of Councilors in the post-war Diet of Japan for a single term with the support of the Liberal-Democratic Party. He ran again in the 1965 Japanese House of Councillors election||, but was defeated. Shimomura died in a traffic accident on 25 March 1968.
