Sailor Steve Costigan


Sailor Steve Costigan is a fictional character created by Robert E. Howard. He is a merchant sailor on the Sea Girl and is also its champion boxer. His only true companion is a bulldog named Mike.
Costigan, one of Howard's humorous boxing pulp heroes, roamed the Asiatic seas with fists of steel, a will of iron, and a head of wood. A striking contrast between Howard’s barbarians and swordsmen, Costigan was a modern-day character, written in a humorous, Texas tall tale style. The Sailor Steve Costigan stories were very popular in the pages of Fight Stories, Action Stories, and the short-lived Jack Dempsey’s Fight Magazine. In a career that was made up largely from writing short stories about recurring characters, Howard wrote more completed stories about Costigan and his pugilistic ilk than about any of his fantasy heroes except Conan the Barbarian.

Style

Howard used understatement and misdirection to create humor. He established Costigan as a most unreliable narrator, a sailor who cannot admit when he has had a lot to drink, does not realize he is a terrible judge of character, and acts before he thinks. These character flaws are the heart of the boxing series and make Costigan as sympathetic as he is hilarious. Told in a jaunty first-person style and in the past tense, the Costigan stories are presented in a slang-riddled, colloquial fashion. Howard grew up in the storytelling tradition of the Southwest and the narrative structure of the Costigan stories mirrors this, especially in the endings, with their humorous stings, inappropriate life lessons, and outright punch lines.

Dennis Dorgan

When Magic Carpet Magazine opened up as a companion to Weird Tales, Howard took some of the unsold Costigan stories and submitted them to the potential new market. The editor of both Magic Carpet and Weird Tales, Farnsworth Wright, was already publishing one story by Robert E. Howard, and requested the author use a pseudonym for the boxing story. Howard chose "Patrick Ervin" for himself, and then not wanting readers to question why someone named Ervin would write about Robert E. Howard's Steve Costigan character from Fight Stories, decided to change his main character’s name as well. Howard resurrected the “Dorgan” surname from an earlier boxing story that was changed to a Costigan yarn, and added the more alliterative first name of “Dennis.” Every other character in the story remained the same; the name of the ship, the crew, and the bulldog. Dorgan was little more than a disguise for Costigan. With the pseudonyms in place, Wright accepted four Dennis Dorgan stories. After the fact, Howard changed the name of the Sea Girl to the Python, and the Mike into Spike. Bill O’Brien, Mushy Hanson, and Sven Larson stayed the same.
Only one Dorgan story, “The Alleys of Singapore", however, was published before Magic Carpet ceased publication as well. Jack Dempsey’s Fight Magazine started after that, and Howard managed to place three more Costigan stories before the magazine folded. Fight Stories, after a hiatus of two years, returned as a quarterly magazine in 1934 and continued to reprint the Costigan stories for years after Howard’s death, changing the titles and eventually crediting the authorship to their house pseudonym, "Mark Adam".
Despite these characters having different names, Costigan and Dorgan are the same character. They act, speak, and fight in exactly the same way, much like how there is no discernible difference between Howard’s humorous western characters Breckenridge Elkins and Pike Bearfield. “Dennis Dorgan” is counted as a separate character only because a number of the unsold Costigan stories were published by Darrell Richardson in the 1970s. Howard himself never really considered that the name Dorgan to be anything other than a pseudonym for Costigan, and went back to Costigan more than once.

Fictional character biography

Steve Costigan is an Irish American from Galveston, Texas. He has one brother, Mike, who is also a boxer and has been more successful in this sport than Steve himself. He left Texas to become a sailor, soon becoming an able seaman on the merchant ship Sea Girl. While he has worked on other ships, he considers this to be his home.
He has been an amateur boxer since childhood. Steve always likes to be champion of whichever ship or organization of which he is part. Subsequently, the only title he really holds is "Champion of the Sea Girl". He found his pet bulldog, Mike, as a stray in Dublin, and named him after his brother. Steve is a heavyweight boxer, weighing 190 lb and standing tall. He has the "Black Irish" combination of blue eyes and black hair.

Stories

Steve Costigan stories

Alleys of Peril

First printed in Fight Stories, January 1931. Also known as Leather Lightning.

The Battling Sailor

The Pit of the Serpent

First printed in Fight Stories, July 1929. Also known as Manila Manslaughter.

Blow the Chinks Down!

First printed in Action Stories, October 1931. Also known as The House of Peril.

Blue River Blues

Breed of Battle

First printed in Action Stories, November 1931. Also known as The Fighten'est Pair, Sampson Had a Soft Spot.

The Bull Dog Breed

First printed in Fight Stories, February 1930. Also known as You Got to Kill a Bulldog.

By the Law of the Shark

First printed in REH Fight Magazine #4, October 1996.

Champ of the Forecastle

First printed in Fight Stories, November 1930. Also known as Champ of the Seven Seas, The Champion of the Forecastle.

Circus Fists

First printed in Fight Stories, December 1931. Also known as Slugger Bait.

Dark Shanghai

First printed in Action Stories, January 1932. Also known as One Shanghai Night.

Fist and Fang

First printed in Fight Stories, May 1930. Also known as Cannibal Fists.

Flying Knuckles

First printed in REH Fight Magazine #4, October 1996.

General Ironfist

First printed in Jack Dempsey's Fight Magazine, June 1934.

Hard-Fisted Sentiment

First printed in REH Fight Magazine #4, October 1996.

The Honor of the Ship

First printed in REH Fight Magazine #4, October 1996.

Night of Battle

First printed in Fight Stories, March 1932. Also known as Shore Leave for a Slugger.

Sailor Costigan and the Swami

First printed in The Howard Review #7, April 1977.

Sailor's Grudge

First printed in Fight Stories, March 1930. Also known as Costigan vs. Kid Camera.

The Sign of the Snake

First printed in Action Stories, June 1931.

The Slugger's Game

First printed in Jack Dempsey's Fight Magazine, May 1934.

Sluggers on the Beach

First printed in Jack Dempsey's Fight Magazine, August 1934.

Texas Fists

First printed in Fight Stories, May 1931. Also known as Shanghied Mitts.

The TNT Punch

First printed in Action Stories, January 1931. Also known as The Waterfront Law, The Waterfront Wallop.

Vikings of the Gloves

First printed in Fight Stories, February 1932. Also known as Including the Scandinavian.

Waterfront Fists

First printed in Fight Stories, September 1930. Also known as Stand Up and Slug.

Winner Take All

First printed in Fight Stories, July 1930. Also known as Sucker Fight. Costigan enters into a quick match, for a purse of $36.50, in Singapore to raise money for $1 mining shares that will soon be worth $1000.

Dennis Dorgan stories

Alleys of Darkness

First printed in Magic Carpet Magazine, January 1934. Also known as Alleys of Singapore. It is the only Dennis Dorgan story that saw print during Howard's life.

Alleys of Treachery

First printed in The Howard Collector #8, Summer 1966. Also known as The Mandarin Ruby.

The Destiny Gorilla

First printed in The Incredible Adventures of Dennis Dorgan. Also known as Sailor Costigan and the Destiny Gorilla and Sailor Dorgan and the Destiny Gorilla.

In High Society

First printed in The Incredible Adventures of Dennis Dorgan. Also known as Cultured Cauliflowers.

A Knight of the Round Table

First printed in The Incredible Adventures of Dennis Dorgan. Also known as Iron-Clad Fists.

Playing Journalist

First printed in The Incredible Adventures of Dennis Dorgan. Also known as A New Game for Costigan and A New Game for Dorgan.

Playing Santa Claus

First printed in The Incredible Adventures of Dennis Dorgan. Also known as A Two-Fisted Santa Claus.

Sailor Dorgan and the Jade Monkey

First printed in The Howard Collector #14, Spring 1971. Also known as Sailor Costigan and the Jade Monkey and The Jade Monkey.

The Turkish Menace

First printed in The Incredible Adventures of Dennis Dorgan. Also known as Sailor Dorgan and the Turkish Menace and Sailor Costigan and the Turkish Menace. This story was sold to Magic Carpet Magazine in May 1933 but the magazine was suspended before publication.

The Yellow Cobra

First printed in The Incredible Adventures of Dennis Dorgan. Also known as Sailor Dorgan and the Yellow Cobra, A Korean Night and A Night Ashore.

Skull Face

Robert E. Howard wrote the weird menace story "Skull Face" with a main character also called Stephen Costigan. This Costigan is distinct from Sailor Steve Costigan, as the Skull Face version is a drug-addicted former-WW1 soldier suffering from shell shock. "Skull Face" was first printed in Weird Tales, October 1929, in a three part series ending in December, 1929.

Other characters

Crew of the Sea Girl