San Julián Air Base


San Julián Air Base or Base Aérea San Julián is a military air base located approximately southwest of the city of Guane a municipality in the province of Pinar del Río in Cuba. The provincial capital, Pinar del Río is located to the northeast approximately with the capital of Havana also to the northeast.

Tenant commands

The 23.Regimiento de Caza operating Russian Mig-23ML aircraft

History of San Julián

On December 9, 1941, Cuba declared war on the Empire of Japan.
On December 11, 1941, Cuba and the United States of America, Costa Rica, The Dominican Republic, Guatemala and Nicaragua declare war on Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
On January 14, 1942, the Cuban Secretary of State indicates in a diplomatic message to the American Chargé in Cuba the following "I take pleasure in advising you that the Government of Cuba, inspired by the lofty sentiments of cooperation and alliance which joins the Cuban Nation with the United States of America in the present war, engaged in the territorial defense of America and of every one of the American nations, as well as of the principles of democracy and of the liberty of the peoples, has accepted the suggestions of your Government which were transmitted by the Embassy in the above-mentioned notes." The above-mentioned notes were two and included 5 specific points of suggestion including in part: Stationing of US Aviation Corps Detachments in certain airfields ; Permission to use Cuban landing fields; Permission to take photographs of Cuban territory for aerial navigation charts, etc.
On June 18, the United States established Naval Air Facility La Fé, Cuba. The US NAVY Code Word for La Fé was HUMPBACK. U.S. Navy bases in Cuba fell under the command of the Gulf Sea Frontier headquartered at Miami, Florida.
June 26, the United States established Naval Air Auxiliary Station , San Julián, Cuba. This was in response to Nazi Germany announcing unrestricted submarine warfare off the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Specifically, the United States Navy recognized the need to augment antisubmarine patrols in the Yucatán Channel. NAAS San Julián was established on the western tip of Cuba near Pan American World Airways' Isabel Rubio Emergency Landing Field.
August 6, in Havana, Cuba the U.S. Secretary for State announced that negotiations had been conducted between Cuba and the United States for the establishment of the air base in San Julián, Pinar del Río Province.
September 7, Cuba and United States sign a new Naval and Military Agreement of Cooperation. The strategic importance of Cuba for the air and maritime communications of United States and the importance of its production of sugar obliged them to reinforce the island. The Pinar del Río area was considered ideally situated for further development and the Army began construction by expanding the existing Pan American airfield on November 1.
September 22, the USAAF began to organize the Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command, using the I Bomber Command as its core for personnel and aircraft. The USAAF had been engaged in anti-submarine war for almost a year. During that time it had laid the basis for an effective organization and made plans for a larger anti-submarine force. The new AAFAC was constituted on October 13 and activated on October 15, 1942. Simultaneously, I Bomber Command was inactivated the same day.
November 20, AAFAC had organized the squadrons it had inherited from I Bomber Command into the 25th and 26th anti-submarine Wings with headquarters at New York and Miami respectively.

1943

January 1, the United States Army Air Forces set up postal operations for San Julián using a non-descript number. They used Army Post Office, Miami with the address: 2754 APO MIA. Although the facility was under USAAF administration and operational control all air activities and operations were US Navy.
April 1, USAAF transferred control of NAAS San Julián to the Navy. The first Commander of the base was Lieutenant Commander Beckwith Havens, USN. The US NAVY likewise used a non-descript number for postal operations. They used Fleet Post Office, Atlantic located in New York City with the address: 301 FPO NY
July 1, construction was completed and the new facility was re-designated Naval Air Facility San Julián.
October 1, the US Navy's Bombing Squadron One Hundred Twenty Five sent a three-aircraft detachment to NAF San Julián for ASW patrols.

1944

May 1, VB-125 transferred from Boca Chica, Florida, to NAF San Julián, joining the detachment sent there previously. The squadron was under the operational control of Fleet Airship Wing Twelve and stayed in San Julián until February 11, 1945 when they we relieved by VPB-145.
Between mid-1942 until early 1944, seven Cuban ships were sunken by German submarines in actions where more than eighty Cuban mariners and three Americans were killed.

1945

Many American squadrons trained in Cuba in navigation, bombing, air-to-air combat and close air support. A fighter squadron of P-39 Airacobras was placed in San Antonio for their defense. Towards the end of 1944 and the beginning of 1945 intense training was conducted by the USAAF 509th Composite Group using B-29s. These were tests in preparation for dropping the Atomic Bomb on Japan. They trained in long-range over-water navigation from Cuba into the Caribbean in order to acclimate themselves to similar conditions in the Pacific Ocean. From Cuba the B-29s flew to the Marianas Islands in the Pacific, in June 1945. These same aircraft would carry atomic bombs to Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Among them also was the Enola Gay.
February 8, by means of Decree 409, the control of civil aviation is transferred from the Cuban Army to the newly created Commission of National Transportation.

Post-World War II

May 20, 1946 NAF San Julián was disestablished.
May 2, 1952 by Decree Law No. 41, the Civil Aeronautics Board is created.
June 1952 the Army Aviation Corps changes to Cuban Army Airforce.
December 22, 1954 the Commission of Civil Aeronautics is created by Law-Decree 1863.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Early preparations for the invasion included the Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front on October 26, 1960 distributing its first Combat Order. In general terms, the order describes the logistics of an attack on the San Julián air base. That plan calls for seizing the airfield and using it as an operational base for "our air and land force." The order also describes how supplies will be obtained and communications handled during the operations.
Planning for the invasion included targeting numerous military bases including San Antonio de los Baños Air Base, the Campo Libertad Air Base, and the naval bases at Batabano and Nueva Gerona. San Julián Air Base was placed on the primary target list.