Satu Mare County


Satu Mare County is a county of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare. Besides Romanians, Satu Mare features a significant ethnic minority of Hungarians.

Name

In Hungarian, it is known as Szatmár megye, in German as Kreis Sathmar, in Ukrainian as Сату-Маре, and in Slovak as Satmárska župa.

Demographics

Satu Mare is a multicultural city, with a population mix of Romanian, Hungarian, Roma, German, and other ethnicities.
In 2002, Satu Mare County had a population of 367,281 and the population density was 83/km².
In 2011, its population was 329,079 and population density was 74.48/km².
Hungarians mostly reside along the border with Hungary, but some are also scattered throughout the whole county. Historically, Hungarians were concentrated in the cities, where administration resides, while the Romanian population was larger in the villages throughout the county. In 1930 the Hungarians were representing 41,9% of the urban population in Satu Mare County and only 20,0% of the population in the villages according to census data.
The proportion of different ethnic groups varied throughout the history, due to regime and political changes. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 the Hungarian population increased its proportion greatly, in 1880 representing 44.4% and in 1910 reaching 55.1% of the county population, according to Árpád E. Varga. After World War I the Hungarian and German population declined.
YearCounty populationRomaniansHungariansGermans
1880194,32676,66895,68113,449
1890216,15885,663114,83614,030
1900245,85593,591138,08612,165
1910267,31092,264166,3696,709
1920262,937124,47681,24234,982
1930294,875178,52374,1919,530
1948312,672---
1956337,531180,930145,8803,588
1966359,393---
1977393,840---
1992400,789---
2002367,281---
2004371,759---
2007366,270---

Geography

This county has a total area of.
In the north are the Oaș Mountains, part of the Eastern Carpathians. This makes up around 17% of the area. The remainder is hills, forming 20% of the area, and plains. The western county takes up the Eastern part of the Pannonian Plain.
The county is crossed by the Someș River and also Tur River and Crasna River.
The county lies partly in the historical region of Maramureș and partly in the historical region of Crișana.

Neighbours

It is a member of the Carpathian euroregion.

Economy

Satu Mare County benefits from its position, close to the border of Romania with Hungary and Ukraine, and it is one of the places which attracts foreign investment in industry and agriculture.
The predominant industries in the county are:
The main tourist attractions in the county are:
The Satu Mare County Council, elected at the 2016 local government elections, is made up of 33 counselors, with the following party composition:

Administrative divisions

Satu Mare County has 2 municipalities, 4 towns, and 59 communes:
Historically, the county was located in the northwestern part of Greater Romania, stretching to its borders with Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Its territory lay in the historical Crișana region. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the northwest by Hungary, on the north by Czechoslovakia, to the east by Maramureș County, to the southeast by Someș County, and to the south and southwest by Sălaj County. Currently, its territory is included in the current counties of Satu Mare and Maramureș.

Administration

In 1930, the county was divided into eight districts :
  1. Plasa Arded
  2. Plasa Baia Mare
  3. Plasa Mănăștur
  4. Plasa Oașiu
  5. Plasa Satu Mare
  6. Plasa Seini
  7. Plasa Șomcuta Mare
  8. Plasa Ugocea
The county included the city of Satu Mare and the urban communes Baia Mare and Baia Sprie.

History

Prior to World War I, the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary and mostly was contained in the Szatmár County of the Kingdom of Hungary. The territory of Satu Mare County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon.
In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ținuturi were created to be ruled by rezidenți regali - appointed directly by the King - instead of the prefects. Satu Mare County became part of Ținutul Crișuri.
In 1940, the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award. Beginning in 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and re-established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system.

Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 294,875, 60.5% Romanians, 25.2% Hungarians, 8.1% Jews, 3.2% Germans, as well as other minorities. From a religious point of view, the population consisted of 59.0% Greek Catholics, 15.0% Roman Catholics, 8.6% Jewish, 4.4% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.

Urban population

In 1930, the county's urban population was 69,526 inhabitants, 41.9% Hungarians, 35.0% Romanians, 18.6% Jews, 1.6% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban area, Hungarian dominated, followed by Romanian, Yiddish, German, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 33.7% Greek Catholics, 23.0% Reformed, 20.0% Jewish, 19.6% Roman Catholic, 2.9% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.