Schouten Islands


The Schouten Islands are an island group of Papua province, eastern Indonesia in the Cenderawasih Bay 50 km off the north-western coast of the island of New Guinea. The group consists of the main islands of Biak, Supiori and Numfor, and numerous smaller islands, mostly covered in rain forest.

History

The first recorded sighting by Europeans of the Schouten Islands was by the Portuguese navigator Jorge de Menezes in 1526. On the voyage from Malacca to Maluku, via northern Borneo, he was further carried eastward by a storm and strong winds. Jorge de Menezes landed at Biak, where he was forced to winter. Inspired by Malay, Moluccan or local Papuan names, he named the archipelago, and eventually the coasts of western Papua "Islands of Papuas". Biak was thenceforth called in Portuguese maps Ilha de Dom Jorge or Ilha onde invernou Dom Jorge, and Ilha de S. Jorge.
The archipelago was also sighted by Spanish navigator Álvaro de Saavedra who landed on Yapen on June 24, 1528, when trying to return from Tidore to New Spain. The islands were named Islas de Oro. In 1545 they were visited by Íñigo Órtiz de Retes on board the galleon San Juan.
including the Schouten Islands
The archipelago was first mapped in the Portuguese charts of Gaspar Viegas, an anonymous map of 1540, and on the maps of João de Lisboa and of Bartolomeu Velho, and by other Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch maps.
The Schouten Islands were eventually named after Dutch explorer Willem Schouten, who explored them in 1615.

Demographics

The Schouten Islands are among the most densely populated parts of Papua province.

Ecology

These small islands have been designated the Biak–Numfoor rain forests as having the most highly endemic avifauna of any single area in the New Guinea region. The forest consists of similar types of trees to that on mainland New Guinea.
There are over 100 bird species on the islands, of which 11 to 16 are endemic, that is, restricted to this small island group. These include: black-winged lory ; the small tree-climbing Geelvink pygmy parrot ; Biak scrubfowl ; spice imperial-pigeon ; yellow-bibbed fruit-dove ; Biak coucal ; two tree kingfishers, Biak paradise kingfisher and Numfor paradise kingfisher ; Biak gerygone ; Biak monarch ; Biak flycatcher ; long-tailed starling ; and Biak white-eye. As well as the birds, there are a number of endemic mammals, although there are only 29 mammal species on the islands. The endemics include: Biak naked-backed fruit bat a species of barebacked fruit bat ; Japen rat ; and two species of giant naked-tailed rat, Uromys boeadii and Uromys emmae
. The islands also have a number of endemic butterflies and one endemic spider Diolenius angustipes.
Much of the forest has been cut down for logging or to clear land for planting especially on Biak Island, which is the most populous in the area, although logging has slowed. There are two protected areas, which are close to each other: Pulau Supiori Nature Reserve, which is most of Supiori Island; and Biak Utara Nature Reserve which is an area on Biak Island just across the bridge from Supiori. However the logging industry may return, while birds are vulnerable to collectors and just because they have such a limited range of habitat on these small islands. The area needs more study. Diving in the waters off Biak is a popular activity for tourists.