Scripps Institution of Oceanography
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego, California, founded in 1903, is one of the oldest and largest centers for ocean and Earth science research, public service, undergraduate and graduate training in the world. Hundreds of ocean and Earth scientists conduct research with the aid of oceanographic research vessels and shorebased laboratories. Its Old Scripps Building is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. SIO is a division of the University of California San Diego. The public explorations center of the institution is the Birch Aquarium at Scripps. Since becoming part of the University of California in 1912, the institution has expanded its scope to include studies of the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of Earth.
Dr. Margaret Leinen took office as Vice Chancellor for Marine Sciences, Director of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Dean of the Graduate School of Marine Sciences on October 1, 2013.
Scripps publishes , an e-magazine of ocean and earth science.
Mission statement
"To seek, teach, and communicate scientific understanding of the oceans, atmosphere, Earth, and other planets for the benefit of society and the environment."History
Scripps Institution of Oceanography was founded in 1903 as the Marine Biological Association of San Diego, an independent biological research laboratory. It was proposed and incorporated by a committee of the San Diego Chamber of Commerce, led by local activist and amateur malacologist Fred Baker, together with two colleagues. He recruited University of California Zoology professor William Emerson Ritter to head up the proposed marine biology institution, and obtained financial support from local philanthropists E. W. Scripps and his sister Ellen Browning Scripps. They fully funded the institution for its first decade. It began institutional life in the boathouse of the Hotel del Coronado located on San Diego Bay. It re-located in 1905 to the La Jolla area on the head above La Jolla Cove, and finally in 1907 to its present location.In 1912 Scripps became incorporated into the University of California and was renamed the "Scripps Institution for Biological Research." Since 1916, measurements have been taken daily at its pier. The name was changed to Scripps Institution of Oceanography in October 1925. During the 1960s, led by Scripps Institution of Oceanography director Roger Revelle, it formed the nucleus for the creation of the University of California, San Diego on a bluff overlooking Scripps Institution.
The Old Scripps Building, designed by Irving Gill, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1982. Architect Barton Myers designed the current Scripps Building for the Institution of Oceanography in 1998.
Research programs
The institution's research programs encompass biological, physical, chemical, geological, and geophysical studies of the oceans and land. Scripps also studies the interaction of the oceans with both the atmospheric climate and environmental concerns on terra firma. Related to this research, Scripps offers undergraduate and graduate degrees.Today, the Scripps staff of 1,300 includes approximately 235 faculty, 180 other scientists and some 300 graduate students, with an annual budget of more than $195 million.
The institution operates a fleet of three oceanographic research vessels and the research platform R/P FLIP for oceanographic research.
The Integrated Research Themes encompassing the work done by Scripps researchers are:
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- California Environment
- Earth and Planetary Chemistry
- Earth Through Space and Time
- Energy and the Environment
- Environment and Human Health
- Global Change
- Global Environmental Monitoring
- Hazards
- Ice and Climate
- Instruments and Innovation
- Interfaces
- Marine Life
- Modeling, Theory, and Computing
- Sound and Light in the Sea
- Waves and Circulation
Organizational structure
- Biology
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- Earth
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- Oceans & Atmosphere
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Research vessels
- RV Roger Revelle
- RV Sally Ride
- RV Robert Gordon Sproul
- RP Flip
- 1906–???? – RV Loma
- 1907–1917 – RV Alexander Agassiz
- 1918–1918 – RV Ellen Browning
- 1925–1936 – RV Scripps
- 1937–1955 – RV E. W. Scripps
- 1955–1965 – RV Stranger
- 1947–1956 – RV Crest
- 1947–1969 – RV Horizon
- 1948–1965 – RV Paolina-T
- 1951–1965 – RV Spencer F.Baird
- 1955–1969 – T-441
- 1956–1962 – RV Orca
- 1959–1963 – RV Hugh M. Smith
- 1959–1970 – RV Argo
- 1962–1976 – RV Alexander Agassiz
- 1962–present – RP FLIP
- 1962–1974 – RV Oconostota
- 1965–1980 – RV Alpha Helix
- 1965–???? – RV Ellen B. Scripps
- 1966–1992 – RV Thomas Washington
- 1969–2014 – RV Melville
- 1973–???? – RV Gianna
- 1978–2015 – RV New Horizon
- 1984–present – RV Robert Gordon Sproul
- 1995–present – RV Roger Revelle
- 2016–present – RV Sally Ride
Birch Aquarium at Scripps
Notable faculty members (past and present)
- Farooq Azam
- George Backus
- Ernest Baldwin
- Andrew Benson
- Hugh Bradner
- Edward Brinton
- Theodore Holmes Bullock
- Ralph J. Cicerone
- Robert W. Corell
- Harmon Craig
- Paul J. Crutzen
- Russ E. Davis
- Paul K. Dayton
- Edward DeLong
- Robert S. Dietz
- Seibert Q. Duntley
- Carl Eckart
- Jim T. Enright
- David Epel
- Edward A. Frieman
- Robert Garrels
- Freeman Gilbert
- Edward D. Goldberg
- Joel Hedgpeth
- Walter Heiligenberg
- Myrl C. Hendershott
- Sam Hinton
- Carl Hubbs
- Douglas Inman
- John Dove Isaacs
- Jeremy Jackson
- Martin W. Johnson
- Thomas H. Jordan
- Miriam Kastner
- Charles David Keeling
- Ralph Keeling
- Charles Kennel
- Nancy Knowlton
- Lisa Levin
- Ralph A. Lewin
- Michael S. Longuet-Higgins
- Edwin P. Martz
- Wallace K. Melville
- Henry William Menard
- Mario J. Molina
- John W. Miles
- B. Greg Mitchell
- Judith Munk
- Walter Munk
- Jerome Namias
- William Nierenberg
- Pearn P. Niiler
- Stewart Nozette
- Veerabhadran Ramanathan
- Roger Revelle
- William Emerson Ritter
- Dean Roemmich
- Richard Heinrich Rosenblatt
- Enric Sala
- Rick Salmon
- Hans Suess
- Francis Parker Shepard
- Cornelius Cole Smith, Jr.
- Richard Somerville
- Fred Spiess
- Janet Sprintall
- George Sugihara
- Harald Sverdrup
- Lynne Talley
- Warren White
- Klaus Wyrtki
- Victor Vacquier Sr. and son
- Benjamin Elazari Volcani
Notable alumni
- Tanya Atwater
- Thomas E. Bowman III
- Edward Brinton
- Stephen E. Calvert
- Jack Corliss
- John M. Edmond
- Kenneth Farley
- Susan M. Gaines
- Eric Giddens
- Susan Hough
- Ancel Keys
- Megan McArthur
- James J. McCarthy
- Marcia McNutt
- Jessica Meir
- Walter Munk
- Wheeler J. North
- Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara
- Colm Ó hEocha
- Joseph R. Pawlik
- George Perry
- S. K. Satheesh
- Brinke Stevens
- Christopher Stott
- Brian Tucker
Popular culture
In 2008, Scripps Institution of Oceanography was the subject of a category on the TV game show Jeopardy!. Scripps has been a story element in numerous fictional works.