In the Russian army, the military rank "major" was introduced by Tsar Peter the Great, in 1698. In connection with the ongoing military reform of the Armed Forces of Russia, military construction and the improvement of formations, it was evidently necessary to increase the number of initial people in the main unit of the Russian Armed Forces of that time – the regiment, and therefore it was decided to introduce new ranks. According to the charter of the Russian Imperial Army, 1716, the responsibilities of the major were divided between two new ranks in the regiment, so the prime major and second major appeared, that is, the first and second senior in the regiment. The prime major was an assistant to the regiment commander, colonel, and the second major was an assistant to the deputy commander of the regiment, lieutenant colonel, but the Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary states that second major existed before the establishment of the rank of lieutenant colonel, in return for the rank of prime major. The second major was in charge of the drill and guard service in the regiment, and was the fourth officer in the regiment. He also carried out the actual command of the 2ndbattalion of the regiment, that is, he was the battalion commander. The division into prime and second majors was abolished in 1797, under Emperor Paul I. All prime and second majors became known as majors. In 1827, the majors received two stars on staff officer epaulettes as insignia.
Personalities
Velovsky, second major, commandant of the Rassypnaya fortress, which was located on the Orenburg line, in 1773, for their resistance to the Pugachev's rebels was chopped up by them, another source indicates that he was hanged;
Alexander Skripitsyn, second major, known in the history of the Pugachev's Rebellion for protecting the suburbs of Osa, in 1774, surrendering the city, remained with the impostor in a gang, but soon repented of his betrayal, was betrayed and hanged by rebels;
Peter Chelishchev was a writer, retired with the rank of second major;
von Raan, second major of the general staff, is known for his essay "A List of Own Magazine During the Conquest of Moldova and Bessarabia from 1787 to 1790, With the Inclusion of One Drawing".
