A service stripe, commonly called a hash mark, is an embroidered diagonal stripe worn on the sleeve of some military and paramilitary uniforms. In the case of the United States military, service stripes are authorized for wear by enlisted members on the lower part of the sleeve of a uniform to denote length of service. Service stripes vary in size and in color.
Criteria
The United States Army authorizes one stripe for each three year period of service, while the United States Marine Corps, United States Navy, and United States Coast Guard authorize one stripe for each four year period of duty. In contrast to the Army, the Navy and Marine Corps Good Conduct Medals, a service stripe is authorized for wear by enlisted personnel upon completion of the specified term of service, regardless of the service member's disciplinary history. For example, a soldier with several non-judicial punishments and courts-martial would still be authorized a service stripe for three years' service, although the Good Conduct Medal would be denied.
History
In 1777, the French ancien régime-era army had used Galons d'ancienneté, or "Seniority Braid" worn on the upper sleeves awarded for each seven years of enlistment. Soldiers who wore such emblems were called briscards. The practice was continued in Napoleon Bonaparte's army in which they were awarded for 10, 15, and 20 years of service. The French Army later moved them to the lower sleeves and the rank stripes to the upper sleeves. Service chevrons were worn on the lower left sleeve and Wound Stripes were worn on the lower right sleeve. In the United States, the concept of a service stripe dates back to 1782 when, during the American Revolution, George Washington ordered that enlisted men who had served for three years "with bravery, fidelity and good conduct" should wear "a narrow piece of white cloth, of angular form" on the left sleeve of the uniform coat. In the U.S. Army, sleeve stripes denoted a successful completion of a standard enlistment. They were the same color as the enlisted rank stripes and were "half-chevrons". Service during the American Civil War was denoted by a red stripe bordered by the rank stripe color. The artillery corps, who wore red stripes on their uniforms, wore a white stripe bordered red instead.
Wear and use
United States
Sleeve stripes are worn only by enlisted personnel. U.S. Army soldiers, U.S. Navy sailors and U.S. Coast Guardsmen wear their stripes on the bottom cuff of the left sleeve, where U.S. Marines wear them at the bottom cuff of both sleeves. U.S. soldiers wear them on the left sleeve and Overseas Service Bars on the right one. Service stripes are only worn on formal uniforms, and are not seen on work uniforms. Navy service stripes come in three colors and they are red, gold, and black. They are 7 inches long and three eighths of an inch wide for male chief petty officers; male sailors from rates seaman recruit to petty officer first class wear service stripes 5¼ inches long and three eighths of an inch wide. Female navy sailors wear service stripes 5¼ inches long and a quarter-inch wide. They are worn two inches above the left sleeve cuff on jackets, and 1½ inches above the cuff on service dress blue jumpers and the new summer white jumpers. On the old-style summer white jumpers they are worn two inches above the cuff. Multiple navy service stripes are worn quarter-inch apart from each other.
United States Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard
For the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps, service stripes are given to those service members for every four years of service.
Color
The U.S. Navy authorizes gold service stripes for those sailors with over twelve cumulative years' of service. Until June 2019, the service had to have been free of disciplinary action in the U.S. Navy and U.S. Navy Reserve. During the period when that rule was in effect, in cases where a disciplinary infraction had occurred, the sailor was not denied a service stripe but simply was authorized the standard red stripe design only. Like the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Coast Guard authorizes gold and red service stripes as well, however the color in the case of the latter does not depend on time in service, but on rank instead: Junior enlisted personnel wear red service stripes, whereas chief petty officers wear gold service stripes.
These stripes are also used on the sleeves of the full dress uniform worn by cadets of the United States Military Academy at West Point, which denote the number of years a cadet has been at the academy. This is also done by cadets of other military colleges and prep schools.
In many civilian law enforcement agencies in the United States, policemen, troopers, constables, and sheriff's deputies will often be awarded service stripes for wear on their long sleeved uniforms, usually on the lower left sleeve. One stripe may be worn for varying lengths of time and differs by agency; for instance the Los Angeles Police Department issues one service stripe for every five years served.
