Shasta–Trinity National Forest


The Shasta–Trinity National Forests are federally designated forests in northern California, United States. Combined, they are the largest National Forest in California and are managed by the U.S. Forest Service. The 2,210,485 acre combined-forest encompasses five wilderness areas, hundreds of mountain lakes and of streams and rivers. Major features include Shasta Lake, the largest man-made lake in California and Mount Shasta, elevation.
The Shasta–Trinity National Forests offer a wide range of recreational activities. Some of these include hiking, backpacking, mountain climbing, horseback riding, camping, boating, fishing, hunting, sightseeing, downhill skiing and riding, snowboarding, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling.
In descending order of land area, the forests are located in parts of Trinity, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, Modoc and Humboldt counties.

History

In 1905, the first timber sale under the new US Forest Service agency occurred on what was then called the Shasta Reserve. The Shasta National Forest and the Trinity National Forest were administratively combined in 1954. The new entity was officially renamed the Shasta–Trinity National Forest.
The Trinity National Forest is located in subranges of the Northern Inner California Coast Ranges and of the southeastern Klamath Mountains System, primarily in Trinity County, but also extending into parts of Tehama, Shasta, and Humboldt Counties. It has an area of.
The Shasta National Forest is located between the upper Sacramento Valley and the Shasta Valley to the north. It covers parts of Siskiyou, Shasta, Trinity, and Modoc Counties and has an area of.

Wilderness areas

The forests include portions of five congressionally designated Wilderness Areas:
The Shasta–Trinity forests lie at the intersection of the Eastern Klamath Mountains and the Southern Cascades. The land is largely forested, though at low elevations there are areas of chaparral, woodland, and grassland. At high elevations in the Trinity Alps, Eddys, and Mt. Shasta, forest gives way once again to montane chaparral, subalpine woodlands, and ultimately to alpine rock and scree.
Starting with lower elevations in the foothills around Shasta Lake, north of Redding, the forests and woodlands are dominated by gray pine, knobcone pine, ponderosa pine, blue oak, black oak, canyon live oak and Douglas-fir. Shrub diversity is very high. Common understory shrubs at lower elevations are whiteleaf manzanita, wedgeleaf ceanothus, California buckeye, California coffeeberry and western redbud.
In moist stream canyons, other trees and shrubs prevail—bigleaf maple, western spicebush, dogwood, white alder, and willows.
At mid-elevations sugar pine, incense-cedar, white fir and Jeffrey pine join Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and canyon live oak, while the other pines and oaks drop out of the mix. Huckleberry oak, shrub tanoak, greenleaf and pinemat manzanitas, and bush chinquapin, are important understory components. In the Cascades east and north of Mt. Shasta, bitterbrush and tobacco brush are very common. On the serpentines of Trinity County's mid-elevation Klamath Mountains, incense-cedar and Jeffrey pine woodlands are inhabited by shrubby Congdon's silktassel, leather oak, and hoary manzanita. Farther west, on the long ridge of South Fork Mountain that divides the Shasta–Trinity and Six Rivers National Forests, the tree form of tanoak grows mixed with Douglas-fir and golden chinquapin.
Upper montane and subalpine forests are made up of red fir, mountain hemlock, western white pine, lodgepole pine; and at the highest elevations, foxtail and whitebark pines. Montane meadows and streamsides in the Klamath Ranges are marked by an abundance of California pitcherplant, western azalea, and occasional Port-Orford-cedar, which is disjunct here from its coastal populations.
Much more detail on the vegetation zones of Mount Shasta, and their associated flora and fauna, can be found in C. Hart Merriam's important early biological survey, published in 1899.
Common nameScientific name
white firAbies concolor
red firAbies magnifica
bigleaf mapleAcer macrophyllum
California buckeyeAesculus californica
white alderAlnus rhombifolia
hoary manzanitaArctostaphylos canescens
pinemat manzanitaArctostaphylos nevadensis
greenleaf manzanitaArctostaphylos patula
whiteleaf manzanitaArctostaphylos viscida
incense-cedarCalocedrus decurrens
western spicebushCalycanthus occidentalis
wedgeleaf ceanothusCeanothus cuneatus
tobacco brushCeanothus velutinus
western redbudCercis occidentalis
Port-Orford-cedarChamaecyparis lawsoniana
golden chinquapinChrysolepis chrysophylla
bush chinquapinChrysolepis sempervirens
dogwoodCornus
California pitcherplantDarlingtonia californica
Congdon's silk-tasselGarrya congdonii
tree tanoakLithocarpus densiflorus var. densiflorus
shrub tanoakLithocarpus densiflorus var. echinoides
Whitebark pinePinus albicaulis
knobcone pinePinus attenuate
foxtail pinePinus balfouriana
lodgepole pinePinus contorta
Jeffrey pinePinus jeffreyi
sugar pinePinus lambertiana
western white pinePinus monticola
ponderosa pinePinus ponderosa
gray pinePinus sabiniana
Douglas-firPseudotsuga menziesii
BitterbrushPurshia tridentate
canyon live oakQuercus chrysolepis
blue oakQuercus douglasii
leather oakQuercus durata
huckleberry oakQuercus vaccinifolia
California coffeeberryRhamnus californica
western azaleaRhododendron occidentale
willowSalix
mountain hemlockTsuga mertensiana

Lakes and rivers

The main branch of the Trinity River is a designated a National Wild and Scenic River which runs through the forest. The Shasta–Trinity National Forest also covers almost 70 percent of the watershed of the South Fork Trinity River, a tributary of the Trinity River.
Shasta, Lewiston and Trinity Lakes are part of the Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area.
Shasta Lake has of shoreline made-up of many arms and inlets. The four major arms of the lake are: Sacramento, McCloud, Squaw Creek and Pit and have scenery as well as unusual geologic and historic areas.
Lewiston Lake, near the town of Weaverville, lies just downstream from Trinity Dam and Lake and just north of the town of Lewiston and is a constant level lake. It lies within the Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area.
Iron Canyon, Lewiston, Lake McCloud, Shasta and Trinity Lakes are large reservoirs extensively used for fishing, boating and camping. Houseboats can also be rented at Shasta Lake.
There are many fishing opportunities in the forest. There are several alpine lakes in the area, most of which support trout. The Trinity River, near the town of Weaverville, is very popular for salmon and steelhead angling, as is the Stuart Fork of the Trinity River and such streams as Canyon Creek, Coffee, Grizzly, Rush and Swift Creeks, all of which drain the Trinity Alps Wilderness, also near Weaverville.

Peaks, trails and byways

Shasta–Trinity National Forests have over 460 miles of trails including a section of the Pacific Crest Trail in an east–west direction.
The 500-mile Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway is an auto tour of northern California's volcanos and begins at Lassen Volcanic National Park, then to Mount Shasta and ends at Crater Lake National Park.
Beginning in McCloud, the Modoc Volcanic Scenic Byway travels through some unique volcanic scenery in the eastern portion of the Forest on its way to Medicine Lake, Lava Beds National Monument, and Tule Lake.

Lookouts and cabins

In the lavaflow area of Medicine Lake Volcano, is the Little Mt. Hoffman fire lookout. Restored to its original character, the lookout is now being offered as an overnight retreat for personal recreation use. From a height of, Little Mt. Hoffman offers a view of Mt. Shasta, Lassen Peak, Mt. McLoughlin and a variety of other landforms. From the Tulelake Basin in the north to the Fall River valley in the south, the 360 degree view offers a view at some of northern California's most notable scenery. There is also Hirz lookout near Lake Shasta and the Post Creek lookout.
The Forest Glen cabin is a historic guard station, the oldest Forest Service building on the Shasta–Trinity National Forest. It was built in 1916 under the direction of John T. Grey, District Ranger of the Mad River Ranger District on the old Trinity National Forest. It is available for rent all year.

Footnotes