Shimano


Shimano, Inc. is a Japanese multinational manufacturer of cycling components, fishing tackle and rowing equipment. It produced golf supplies until 2005 and snowboarding gear until 2008. Headquartered in Sakai, Japan, the company has 32 consolidated subsidiaries and 11 unconsolidated subsidiaries. Shimano's primary manufacturing plants are in Kunshan, China; Malaysia; and Singapore.
In 2017, Shimano had net sales of US $3.2 billion, 38% in Europe, 35% in Asia, and 11% in North America. Bicycle components represented 80%, fishing tackle 19%, and other products 0.1%. The company is publicly traded, with 93 million shares of common stock outstanding.

Cycling

Shimano sales constitute an estimated 70–80% of the global bicycle component market by value. Its products include drivetrain, brake, wheel and pedal components for road, mountain, track and hybrid bikes. The components include crankset comprising cranks and chainrings; bottom bracket; chain; rear chain sprockets or cassette; front and rear wheel hubs; gear shift levers; brakes; brake levers; cables; front and rear gear mechanisms or dérailleurs. Shimano Total Integration is Shimano's integrated shifter and brake lever combination for road bicycles. The Italian firm Campagnolo as well as US based SRAM are Shimano's primary competitors in the cycling marketplace.
When the 1970s United States bike boom exceeded the capacity of the European bicycle component manufacturers, Japanese manufacturers SunTour and Shimano rapidly stepped in to fill the void. While both companies provided products for all price-ranges of the market, SunTour also focused on refinement of existing systems and designs for higher-end products, while Shimano initially paid more attention to rethinking the basic systems and bringing out innovations such as Positron shifting and front freewheel systems at the low end of the market. In the 1980s, with Shimano pushing technological innovation and lower prices, the more traditional European component manufacturers lost significant market presence. During this period, in contrast to the near-universal marketing technique of introducing innovations on the expensive side of the marketplace and relying on consumer demand to emulate early adopters along with economy of scale to bring them into the mass market, Shimano and SunTour introduced new technologies at the lowest end of the bicycle market, using lower cost and often heavier and less durable materials and techniques, only moving them further upmarket if they established themselves in the lower market segments.
In the 1980–1983 period, Shimano introduced three groupsets with "AX" technology: Dura-Ace & 600, and Adamas in the low-end. Features of these components include aerodynamic styling, centre-pull brakes, brake levers with concealed cables, and ergonomic pedals. By 1985 Shimano introduced innovation only at the highest quality level, then trickled the technology down to lower product levels as it became proven and accepted. Innovations include index shifting, freehubs, dual-pivot brakes, 8-9-10 speed drivetrains, and the integration of shifters and brake levers. Also, these components could only work properly when used with other Shimano components; for example, its rear derailleurs have to be used with the correct Shimano gear levers, cables, freehub, and cassette. SunTour tried to catch up, but by the end of the 1980s they had lost the technological and commercial battle, and Shimano had become the largest manufacturer of bicycle components in the world.
Shimano's marketplace domination that developed in the 1990s quickly led to the perception by some critics that Shimano had become a marketplace bully with monopolistic intentions. This viewpoint was based on the fact that Shimano became oriented towards integrating all of their components with each other, with the result being that if any Shimano components were to be used, then the entire bike would need to be built from matching Shimano components. The alternative perspective is that by controlling the mix of components on the bicycle, a manufacturer such as Shimano can control how well their own product functions. Shimano's primary competitors also make proprietary designs that limit the opportunity to mix and match componentry.
In 2003 Shimano introduced "Dual Control" to mountain bikes, where the gear shift mechanism is integrated into the brake levers. This development was controversial, as the use of Dual Control integrated shifting for hydraulic disc brakes required using Shimano hydraulic disc brakes, locking competitors out of the premium end of the market. However, with their 2007 product line, Shimano moved back to making separate braking and shifting components fully available in addition to the integrated "Dual Control" components, a move to satisfy riders that wished to use Shimano shifting with other brands of disc brakes.
Shimano in 1990 introduced the Shimano Pedaling Dynamics range of clipless pedals and matching shoes, designed so that the shoes could be used for walking. The shoes have a recess in the bottom of the sole for fitting the smaller cleats and therefore it does not protrude, while conventional clipless road pedals are designed for road cycling shoes which have smooth soles with large protruding cleats, which are awkward for walking. The SPD range, in addition to other off-road refinements, were designed to be used with treaded soles that more closely resemble rugged hiking boots. SPD pedals and shoes soon established themselves as the market standard in this sector, although many other manufacturers have developed alternatives which may be less prone to being clogged by mud or easier to adjust. However, the SPD dominance in this sector has meant that alternative pedal manufacturers nearly always design their pedals to be usable with Shimano shoes, and likewise mountain bike shoe manufacturers make their shoes "Shimano SPD" compatible. SPD has spawned 2 types of road cleats which are incompatible with standard SPD pedals and some shoes – SPD-R and SPD-SL. SPD-R is a now defunct pedal standard. SPD-SL is basically a copy of the standard Look clipless pedal system. It has a wide, one-sided platform and a triangular cleat that is Look 3-bolt compatible.

Shimano products

Shimano has developed many new items.
NameDescription-
"Shimano Alfine"The Alfine 700 is an internally geared hub with 8 or 11 speeds, weighing less than 1700 grams. The product was introduced to the market in 2010. It comprises four stepped planetary series offering up to 11 speeds.-
"Biopace" chainrings. Is the Shimano tradename for a type of ovoid cycle chainring manufactured from 1983 to 1993. Biopace chainrings are non round, but unlike traditional oval chainrings which tend to have the largest effective gearing coincide with the downstroke, with Biopace the rings are oriented so the effectively reduced chainring diameter now coincides with the cranks being horizontal, and the increased chainring diameter coincides with the pedals being close to TDC and BDC. The reasoning behind this is that it smooths the pedaling action, allowing the rider to carry a lot of momentum through the power stroke, having it smoothly removed at the bottom of the stroke.-
"Dyna Drive"A pedal system with no pedal axle and with the bearings located in the part of the pedal which screws into the crank. This required an oversized hole in the crank 25mm to accept the Dyna Drive pedals. The theory behind this was to allow the foot to be lower than the pedal axle for better biomechanics. This system was relatively short lived, one reason being that the pedal bearings wore out quickly. However, they were used by Alexi Grewal in his gold medal winning ride in the 1984 Olympic cycling road race in Los Angeles.-
"Freehub"Shimano introduced a combined rear hub and freewheel in the late 1970s which they named "freehub". But it did not catch on, as its arrangement of internally splined sprockets sliding onto the matching externally splined freehub was incompatible with the then standard separate hub and screw-on freewheel. When a larger number of rear sprockets came to be used, the freehub concept was re-introduced, and is now the dominant rear hub type. Freehub style hubs are inherently stronger than screw on sprocket and freewheel set ups because it allows the bearings on the drive side of the hub to sit nearer to the end of the hub axle, reducing bending in the axle caused by chain tension and rider weight, a significant problem leading to fatigue failure in many axles as 6 and 7 speed blocks were introduced.-
"Hollowtech" cranksThese are cranks which are pressure die cast as tubes open at the pedal end and forged closed before being threaded for the pedals. Previous to this hollow cranks tended to be tubes with a solid part welded to each end to take the pedals and the bottom bracket.-
"Hollowtech II"This was the next iteration after Hollowtech cranks. For this system the spindle was fused to the drive side crank arm and the non drive side crank arm fitted on the splined spindle using pinch bolts. The bottom bracket bearings sat outside the bottom bracket in the frame, allowing the spindle to be a larger diameter, making it stiffer and lighter. The bearing reliability of this system remains quite variable compared to previous Shimano cartridge bottom bracket bearings as Hollowtech II bearing alignment is at the mercy of the alignment of the bottom bracket threads and the facing of the shell rather than factory set by Shimano in the case of the cartridge BBs. Race Face makes a system with compatible bearings which they call X-Type.-
"Hyperglide HG" teeth profiles. Cutaways on the rear gear sprockets that allow smoother downshifting as the cutaways allow the chain to roll from one sprocket to another without lifting as far off the sprocket teeth. This allows a certain amount of gear shifting under power, though this remains hard on the drivetrain.-
"Interactive Glide" Gears feature "pick-up teeth" and specially shaped tooth profiles for smoother and faster shifting.-
Metric chainShimano designed chains with a 10 mm pitch instead of the conventional half inch pitch as well as sprockets and chainrings for use with this metric chain; however this did not catch on. For a time 10 mm pitch chains, sprockets, and chainrings, were used for motor-paced racing, to reduce the size and weight of the transmission system.-
"Shimano Nexus"Shimano's family of internally geared hubs. Available in 3-, 7- and 8 speed with or without a coaster brake. The Nexus hubs are comparable in range to a full 16–20 speed system.-
"Servo Wave"Introduced in the mid-1990s, this system allowed brake levers to pull more brake cable at the start of the lever stroke than at the end. This improved separation between the brake blocks and the rim to accommodate for mud and lack of trueness in the wheels, while still delivering the same braking power as traditional systems. This was implemented initially by mounting the brake cable on a roller that moves towards the lever pivot in a slot in the lever blade as the lever is pulled. A second design pulled the brake cable downwards towards a cam near to the brake lever pivot instead. Servo Wave appeared for the first time on a hydraulic disk brake lever on the 2008 Shimano XT groupset.-
SLR Integration of a return spring into the brake lever, pushing the brake cable back when the lever is released. The idea behind this was that the return spring in the actual brake could be designed to be weaker, thus giving an overall feeling of easier operation.-
SPD The SPD pedal was released by Shimano in 1990 and forms one part of a clipless bicycle shoe/pedal system. While not the first, its innovation was its small cleat which fitted into a recess in the sole of a shoe designed for SPD use. The recess allowed an SPD-equipped shoe to be used for relatively comfortable short walks, whereas previous systems tended to have a large, protruding cleat which prevented this. Clipless pedals use a system of cleat retention which resembles that of downhill skis, allowing for rapid shoe release, ergo clipless pedals are deemed safer than the older style of pedal/shoe integration using toe straps, et al.-
STI
The marketing term for the integration of shifting into the brake levers for road bikes, enabling the rider to shift without taking the hands off the brake levers. This made it possible to shift during uphill passages that require getting out of the saddle, and added general convenience for the rider. Although first generation of STI was unable to downshift multiple cogs which was not a problem in downtube shifters.

Results

used a bicycle equipped with Shimano DynaDrive chainset and pedals to win the 1984 Olympic road race in Los Angeles. In the 1988 Giro d'Italia, Andrew Hampsten rode Shimano to its first Grand Tour victory. In 2002, world championships in both the road and time trial disciplines were won on Shimano equipment. Alberto Contador's 2007 victory in the Tour de France on a Shimano-equipped bicycle represents the first official General Classification victory in that race by a rider using Shimano components.

VIA

"VIA" is stamped on all Shimano parts. It is an official approval stamp used to certify parts of Japanese vehicles – including bicycles. This mark signifies compliance with certain quality standards and is similar to the "UL" mark.

Road groupsets

GroupsetDura-AceUltegra105TiagraSoraClaris
19737100 : introduction
19746000 : Shimano 600 1st gen - preceded by Titlist
1975
1976track6100 : Shimano 600 2nd gen
1977
19787200 EX6200 : 600 EX Arabesque
1979
19807300 AX
19816300 : 600 AX Aero
1982
1983A105 : Golden Arrow
19847400 : 6 speed and SIS6207: New 600 EX
19857600 : track
19866208 : New 600 EX : 6 speed SIS
19877400 : 7 speed1050 : 6 speed
19887400 : 8 speed6400 : 600 Ultegra aka Tricolor : 7 speed SIS
1989
19907400 : STI levers105SC : 7 speed
1991
19926402 : 600 Ultegra : 8 speed SIS and STI levers
1993FC-7410 low profile crankset
FD-7410 front derailleur
105SC : 8 speed
1994
1995
19967700 : 9 speed
19976500 : Name shortened to just Ultegra : 9 speed
1998
19995500 : 9 speed
2000
20014400 : 9 speed
20023300 : 8 speed
20037800 : 10 speed2200
2004
20056600 : 10 speed
20065600 : 10 speed4500 : 9 speed
2007
20087900 : 10 speed3400 : 9 speed
20097970 : 10 speed Di26700 : 10 speed2300 : 8 speed
20105700 : 10 speed
20116770 : 10 speed Di24600 : 10 speed
20129000 : 11 speed
9070 : 11 speed Di2
3500 : 9 speed with STI
20136800 : 11 speed2400 : 8 speed
20146870 : 11 speed Di25800 : 11 speed
20154700 : 10 speed
2016R9100 : 11 speed
R9120 : 11 speed, w/ disc brakes
R9150 : 11 speed Di2
R9170 : 11 speed Di2, w/ disc brakes
R3000 : 9 speed internal cable routing
2017R8000 : 11 speed
R8020 : 11 speed, w/ disc brakes
R8050 : 11 speed Di2
R8070 : 11 speed Di2, w/ disc brakes
R2000 : 8 speed internal cable routing
2018R7000 : 11 speed
R7020 : 11 speed, w/ disc brakes
20194720 : 10 speed, w/ disc brakes

Mountain bike groupsets

The first Shimano MTB groupset was Deore XT in 1983. It was based on a 1981 Deore derailleur built for touring.
Current mountain bike groupsets include:
groupsetXTRSaintDeore XTSLXDeoreAlivioAceraAltus
1983M700 : 6 speed
1984
1985
1986
1987M730 : indexed 6 speedMT60 : 6 speed
1988
1989M732 : 7 speedMT62 : 7 speed M500 : 7 speed M450 : 6 speed M350 : 6 speed M250 : 6 speed
1990M735 : 7 speed rapidfireM650/550 : 7 speed 500LX : 7 speed 400LX : 7 speed 300LX : 7 speed 200GS : 7 speed
1991
1992M900 : 8 speed rapidfire+
1993M560 : 7 speed M520 : 7 speed M320 : 7 speed A10, A20, C10 : 7 speed
C20 : 6 speed
1994M737 : 8 speedMC30/31 : 7 speed MC10/MC11 : 7 speed C50 : 6 speed
1995M910 : 8 speedM565 : 8 speed MC32/MC33 : 7 speed MC12 : 7 speedM290 : 7 speed C90 : 7 speed
1996M950: 8 speedM739: 8 speedM567 : 8 speed MC34/MC36 : 7 speed MC14 : 7 speed
1997M569 : 8 speed MC37/MC38 : 7/8 speed MC16 : 7 speedCT92 : 7 speed
1998M951: 8 speedM291 : 7 speed
1999M952 : 9 speedM750 : 9 speedM570 : 9 speed MC18 : 8 speedM330 : 8 speed
2000M510 : 9 speed MC20 : 8 speed
2001
2002M340 : 8 speedCT95 : 8 speed
2003M960 : 9 speedM800 : 9 speedM760 : 9 speed
2004M580 : 9 speed
2005M530 : 9 speedM410 : 8 speed
2006M970 : 9 speedM801 : 9 speed
2007M770 : 9 speedM310 : 8 speed
2008M810 : 9 speedM660/T660 : 9 speed M360 : 8 speed
2009M590 : 9 speed
2010M980 : 10 speedM773 : 10 speedM663 : 10 speedM430 : 9 speed
2011M985 : 10 speedM780/T780 : 10 speedM593 : 10 speedM390 : 9 speed
2012M986 : 10 speedM820 : 10 speedM781/786 : 10 speedM670/T670 : 10 speed
2013M610/T610 : 10 speedM370 : 9 speed
2014M9000 : 11 speed
M9050 : 11 speed Di2
M4000/T4000 : 9 speed
2015M8000 : 11 speedM3000/T3000 : 9 speed
2016T8000 : 10 speed
M8050 : 11 speed Di2
M7000 : 11 speed
2017M6000/T6000 : 10 speedM2000 : 9 speed
2018M9100 : 12 speed New Freehub
2019M8100 : 12 speedM7100 : 12 speed
2020M6100 : 12 speed
M5100 : 11 speed
M4100 : 10 speed
M3100 : 9 speed

Other groupsets

Other current groupsets include:
  • Capreo – Groupset designed for small-wheeled bikes such as folders and features a cassette with a 9-tooth sprocket.
  • DXR – Performance BMX racing component.
  • Nexave – Several sub-groupsets designed for comfort and commuting bikes, some of which feature internal hub gears and roller brakes.
  • Tourney - Lowest-end groupset, a mix of inexpensive components including 6-, 7- and 8 speed.
  • Zee - Lower-priced version of Saint, SLX-performance level.
  • GRX - Gravel riding specific groupsets intended to be compatible with road groupsets and mountain cassettes.
Groupsets no longer offered include:
  • 70GS and 100GS - budget groupsets in 1990-1992
  • Hone – discontinued in 2008
  • Santé
  • RX100
  • RSX
  • Metrea – Groupset designed for urban riding, promising reliable performance with clean, simplistic design. Introduced in 2015 and discontinued in 2020.

    Fishing

Shimano offers a range of fishing reels, rods, fishing line, fishing lures, as well as various fishing accessories clothing and electronics. Their spinning reels are their best-selling product series.

Partnerships

Shimano is a founding member of the Global Alliance for EcoMobility, an international partnership that works to promote EcoMobility and thus reduce citizens’ dependency on private motorized vehicles worldwide. The EcoMobility Alliance was founded by a group of leading global organizations on the occasion of the Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007.

Financial results

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