Ship replica
A ship replica is a reconstruction of a no longer existing ship. Replicas can range from authentically reconstructed, fully seaworthy ships, to ships of modern construction that give an impression of a historic vessel. Some replicas may not even be seaworthy, but built for other educational or entertainment purposes.
Reasons to build a replica include historic research into shipbuilding, national pride, exposition at a museum or entertainment, and/or education programs for the unemployed. For example, see the project to build a replica of the Continental brig. Apart from building a genuine replica of the ship, sometimes the construction materials, tools and methods can also copied from the ships' original era, as is the case with the replica of Batavia in Lelystad and the ship of the line replica in Rotterdam.
Definition
The term "replica" in this context does not normally include scale models. The term museum ship is used for an old ship that has been preserved and converted into a museum open to the public.A ship replica may also be a generic replica, one that represents a certain type of ship rather than a particular historic example, like Kamper Kogge, replicating the Cogs that were used extensively in Northern Europe by the Hanseatic League in the Middle Ages, but where there is little knowledge of specific ships.
Some generic type replicas such as Thor Heyerdahl's Ra II, qualify as true replicas as these ships were built to investigate the craft and or culture of the original era. That they do not replicate a specific vessel is mainly because no details of such a specific vessel are available.
Some other ships that are modeled after ships of a certain type or era do not qualify as true replicas. Some ships may be borderline cases, such as Kanrin Maru, which is actually twice the size of the original, but built following the plans of the original.
Replicas can be temporary, cheap and very simple, such as the replica of a Viking ship that was burnt at the Leixlip Festival.
Notable historic type ships that are not replicas include:
- is strictly speaking not a replica but the original vessel. However, most of the ship's timber has been replaced over time, with only 10-15% of the original remaining. This is a modern version of the philosopher's dilemma concerning replica versus original; known as the Ship of Theseus dilemma.
- is still the original vessel, although unlike Constitution, she is in dry dock and does not sail. She has also been heavily restored, with only 10-15% of her original timber remaining.
- Mircea, which is an almost exact copy of Gorch Fock. Mircea was built as a copy because Gorch Fock was a very successful ship. Thus Mircea was not built as a replica per se, but as a copy for other reasons.
- Stad Amsterdam is a generic clipper type ship combining the best qualities of clippers of the past with modern materials and technologies.
Notable ship replicas
Some sailing ship replicas with their home port; and key information of the original :Europe, Middle East, Australia, and the Americas
| Ship name | Type | Current port | Current affiliation | Country | Original affiliation | Original built | Notable for | End | Remark |
| Ra II | Reed boat | Oslo, Norway | Bygdøy maritime museum | c.4000BC | Ancient Egyptian merchant. Heyerdahl crossed Atlantic in it | c.2000BC | Class replica | ||
| Min of the Desert | Seafaring ship | Suez, Egypt | Suez National Museum | c.1500BC | 18th Dynasty trading ship | Class replica | |||
| Uluburun II | Merchant | Bodrum, Turkey | Bodrum Underwater Archaeological Museum | c.14th century BC | Late Bronze Age merchant | Sank c.1316–1305 BC | Oldest known merchant shipwreck. | ||
| Argo | Bronze Age galley | c.1300BC | Hand built replica of a Bronze Age galley | ? | Class replica | ||||
| Argo | Penteconter | Volos, Greece | ? | A replica of a Greek penteconter, with a 50-oar crew made up from all 27 European Union member countries. | ? | Class replica | |||
| Ivlia | Dieris | c.600BC | Ancient Greek rowing warship with oars at two levels. | c.100BC | Class replica | ||||
| Melqart | Phoenician merchant ship | c. 900BC | Phoenician merchant ship.. | c.600BC | Class replica | ||||
| Kybele | Bireme | Istanbul, Turkey | c.600BC | Phoacean Greek bireme | ? | Class replica | |||
| Olympias | Trireme | Faliro, Greece | c.700BC | Ancient Greek warship | c.400BC | Class replica | |||
| Kyrenia II | Merchant | c.4th century BC | Ancient Greek merchant ship | Sank c.288BC | |||||
| Hugin | Viking ship | Ramsgate, England | Plinthed at Pegwell Bay | 449 | Hengist and Horsa land in Kent | Rowed across the North Sea to commemorate the 1500th anniversary in 1949. Actually a copy of the 9th Century Gokstad ship | |||
| Brendan's currach | Currach | Craggaunowen, Ireland | 512-530 | Legenday voyage across the Atlantic Ocean to America in a small open boat | ? | ||||
| Myklebust Ship | Viking ship | Rundehåjen in Nordfjordeid | SAGASTAD – The impressive Science and Experience center in Nordfjordeid, will open in spring 2019. | was built in the 800s. | Norways biggest Vikingship | end of 800 | The building will be built by Eid Industrihus KF with construction start in 2017 in the new Saga park in Nordfjordeid center. | ||
| Sea Stallion from Glendalough | Viking ship | Roskilde | Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde | 1042 in Dublin Ireland | Main warship of the Viking age | Scuttled in Roskilde Fjord c.1100 | |||
| Sebbe Als | Viking ship | Augustenborg | Around 1050, somewhere in the Baltic area | Baltic warship of the Viking age | Scuttled in Roskilde Fjord c.1100 | ||||
| Anna Yaroslavna | Slavik ship | c.1100 in Kiev | Main type of ships in medieval Russia | c.1100 | Class replica | ||||
| Lisa von Lübeck | Caravel | Lübeck, Germany | c.1200 | Main medieval merchant | c.1500 | Class replica | |||
| Kamper Kogge | Hanseatic cog | Kampen, the Netherlands | c.1200 | Main medieval merchant | c.1500 | Class replica | |||
| Roland von Bremen | Bremen cog | Bremen, Germany | 1380 | Main medieval merchant | Sank 1380 | ||||
| São Cristóvão | Caravel | Mossel Bay, South Africa | Bartolomeu Dias Museum Complex | 1488 | Bartolomeu Dias' ship | ||||
| Santa María | Carrack | Columbus, US | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Grounded 1492 | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | |||
| Santa María | Carrack | Palos de la Frontera, Spain | Wharf of the Caravels museum | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Grounded 1492 | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | ||
| Santa María | Carrack | Edmonton, Alberta, Canada | West Edmonton Mall | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Grounded 1492 | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | ||
| Santa María | Carrack | Funchal, Portugal | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Grounded 1492 | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | |||
| Pinta | Caravel | Tortola, British Virgin Islands | The Columbus Foundation | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | |||
| Pinta | Caravel | Palos de la Frontera, Spain | Wharf of the Caravels museum | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | |||
| Pinta | Caravel | Bayona, Spain | Caravel Pinta Museum | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | |||
| Niña | Caravel | Tortola, British Virgin Islands | The Columbus Foundation | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | |||
| Niña | Caravel | Palos de la Frontera, Spain | Wharf of the Caravels museum | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | |||
| Niña | Caravel | El Puerto de Santa María, Spain | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | ||||
| Niña | Caravel | Corpus Christi, US | c.1490 | Columbus's 1492 squadron | Several replicas, all based on conjectures | ||||
| Matthew | Caravel | Bristol, UK | c.1495 | John Cabot's ship to America in 1497 | |||||
| Nau Capitânia | Nau | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Brazilian Naval Cultural Centre | ca 1500 | Discovery of Brazil by Pedro Álvares Cabral | Class replica | |||
| Victoria | Carrack | Seville, Spain | Fundacion Nao Victoria | c.1515 | Only survivor of Magellan's 1519-1522 first attempt at circumnavigation of the planet | Achieved the circumnavigation of the globe again in 2006. | |||
| Victoria | Carrack | Punta Arenas, Chile | Nao Victoria Museum | c.1515 | Only survivor of Magellan's 1519-1522 first attempt at circumnavigation of the planet | ||||
| Victoria | Carrack | Puerto San Julián, Argentina | Museo Tematico Nao Victoria | c.1515 | Only survivor of Magellan's 1519-1522 first attempt at circumnavigation of the planet | ||||
| Grande Hermine | Carrack | Jordan Harbour, Ontario | c.1520 | Brought Jacques Cartier to Saint-Pierre on 15 June 1535 | abandoned, vandalised and arsoned, beached | ||||
| San Salvador | Galleon | San Diego Bay, Spain | Maritime Museum of San Diego, United States | 1540 | First European exploration of Coastal California 1542-43 | ||||
| Real | Galley | Barcelona, Spain | c.1570 | Flagship of Don John of Austria in the Battle of Lepanto | |||||
| Golden Hind | Galleon | London, UK | c.1575 | 1577-1580 circumnavigation | |||||
| Golden Hind | Galleon | Brixham, UK | c.1575 | 1577-1580 circumnavigation | Second replica of the ship anchored in 1963 used in the TV series Sir Francis Drake | ||||
| Duyfken | East Indies Explorer | Perth, Australia | 1595 | Discovery of Australia 1606 | Irreparable damage 1608 | ||||
| Andalucía | Galleon | Seville, Spain | Fundacion Nao Victoria | c.1600 | Main Spanish galleon | ||||
| Discovery | Barque | Jamestown, US | Jamestown Settlement museum | 1602 | First permanent English settlement in North America, 1607 | ||||
| Godspeed | Brigantine | Jamestown, US | Jamestown Settlement museum | c.1605 | First permanent English settlement in North America, 1607 | The 1984/85 replica sailed the Atlantic departing London on April 30, 1985 with a crew of 14. | |||
| Susan Constant | Merchant | Jamestown, US | Jamestown Settlement museum | c.1605 | First permanent English settlement in North America, 1607 | ||||
| Halve Maen | Jacht | Hoorn, Netherlands | c.1608 | Original explorer of what is now called the Hudson River, Henry Hudson, 1609 | Destroyed around 1618 in Jakarta | ||||
| San Juan Bautista | Galleon | Ishinomaki, Japan | 1613 | Crossed the Pacific Ocean from Japan to New Spain in 1614 | Sold to the Spanish government in 1618 | Survived the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami with minor damage | |||
| Mayflower II | Merchant | Plymouth, MA, US | c.1607 | Pilgrim ship 1620 | Dismantled 1623? | ||||
| Kalmar Nyckel | Dutch full-rigged pinnace | Kalmar Nyckel Foundation, US | 1625 | Founded New Sweden colony at Fort Christina | Late 17th century | Charters, Daysails, Appearances | |||
| Batavia | East Indiaman | Lelystad, The Netherlands | 1628 | Mutiny 1629 | Wrecked 1629 | ||||
| Prins Willem | East Indiaman | Den Helder, the Netherlands | 1649 | Sank 1662 | Replica destroyed in fire, July 2009 | ||||
| Nonsuch | Ketch | Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada | Manitoba Museum, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada | 1650 | Original trading mission into Hudson Bay 1668-69) for precursor of the Hudson's Bay Company | Unknown | Crafted for 1970 tercentenary of HBC. Sailed up and down Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America. | ||
| De Zeven Provinciën | Ship of the Line | Lelystad, the Netherlands | 1665 | Flagship of Michiel de Ruyter | Decommissioned 1694 | Under construction | |||
| Lenox | Ship of the line | Proposed for Deptford, London, UK | Proposed Deptford Dockyard Museum | 1678 | Took part in capture of Gibraltar | Scuttled to serve as breakwater in 1756 | Proposed full-size sailing replica, to be built in a dedicated museum on the site of old Deptford Dockyard where the original was built. | ||
| Goto Predestinatsia | Ship of the line | Voronezh | Voronezh shipyard | 1700 | First ship of the line of Russia | 1712 sold | Ship-museum | ||
| Shtandart | Frigate | Saint Petersburg | Baltic ports | 1703 | Flagship of Peter the Great of Russia | 1727 Decommissioned | Sail training vessel | ||
| Götheborg | East Indiaman | Gothenburg, Sweden | Globetrotter | c.1740 | Sank 1745 | Sail training vessel | |||
| Amsterdam | East Indiaman | Amsterdam, the Netherlands | Scheepvaart Museum | 1749 | Grounded 1749 | ||||
| Lady Washington | Brig | Aberdeen, US | c.1750 | First US merchant to reach Japan | Foundered 1798 | ||||
| Jacobstads Wapen | Galeas | Jakobstad, Finland | c.1750 | ||||||
| Surprise/Rose | Frigate | San Diego, US | San Diego Maritime Museum | 1757 | Built for the Seven Years' War | Scuttled 1779 | Renamed Surprise after movie | ||
| Schooner | Chestertown, Maryland, US | 1767 | US colony coast patrol | Sold 1772 | |||||
| Endeavour | Barque | Sydney, Australia | Australian National Maritime Museum | 1768 | Captain Cook's ship | ||||
| La Grace | Brig | ca 1768 | Named after earlier frigate of Augustin Heřman | Class replica | |||||
| Beaver | Brig | Boston USA | Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum | ca 1770 | One of the merchant ships involved in the "Boston Tea Party" protest in 1773 | Generic period merchant ship | |||
| Eleanor | Brig | Boston USA | Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum | ca 1770 | One of the merchant ships involved in the "Boston Tea Party" protest in 1773 | Generic period merchant ship | |||
| Hector | Fluyt | Pictou, Canada | Ship Hector Foundation | ca 1720 | Immigrant Ship | after 1773 | |||
| l'Hermione | 12-pounder | Rochefort, France | L'Association Hermione-La Fayette | 1779 | Used by Lafayette during the American Revolutionary War | Sank 1792 | Replica Hermione started sea trials in September 2014; set sail for comemorial voyage on April 18, 2015. | ||
| Delft | Ship of the Line Greenport, New York, 2) Discovery Bay, Hong Kong | 1787 | Mutiny 1789 | Burned 1790 | Foundered in Hurricane Sandy | ||||
| Maryland Federalist | Miniature square rigger | Maryland State House, Annapolis, US | Maryland State Archives | 1788 | Original vessel presented as a gift to George Washington | Original vessel sunk in a storm in the Potomac River in 1788 | |||
| Étoile du Roy | Frigate | Saint-Malo, France | c.1790 | Generic Nelson age war ship replica used in Hornblower | |||||
| Friendship of Salem | East Indiaman | Salem, Massachusetts USA | Salem Maritime National Historic Site | 1797 | Captured in the War of 1812 and condemned as a prize of war. | ||||
| Lady Nelson | Brig | Tasmania, Australia | 1799 | Explored Australian coastline | Captured by pirates 1825 | ||||
| Lynx | Schooner | Newport Beach, US | c.1810 | Blockade runner | Captured 1813 | ||||
| Fame | Schooner | Salem, Massachusetts US | Salem Maritime National Historic Site | c.1812 | Blockade runner | Wrecked 1814 | |||
| Pride of Baltimore II | Topsail Schooner | Baltimore, Maryland, US | c.1812 | Blockade runner | Type replica | ||||
| USS Niagara | Brig | Erie, Pennsylvania, US | Erie Maritime Museum | 1813 | Battle of Lake Erie | Sunk for preservation 1820, rebuilt three times since | Sail training vessel and museum | ||
| HMS Buffalo | Store ship later convict ship | Gleneig, Adelaide, Australia | 1813 | Carried the first Governor and 179 colonists to South Australia | Wrecked in a gale in 1840 | Used as a floating restaurant | |||
| Goleta Ancud | Schooner | Punta Arenas, Chile | Nao Victoria Museum | 1843 | Claim the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean independent government | Uncertain discommission, displayed at Nao Victoria Museum | |||
| Freedom Schooner Amistad | Schooner | New Haven, US | c.1825 | Involved in the Amistad revolt, 1839 | Unknown after 1844 | ||||
| Enterprize | Schooner | Melbourne, Australia | Enterprize Trust, Melbourne | 1829 | Transported European settlers to Melbourne | Replica of Australian built ship. Charters, School Trips, daysails | |||
| William the Fourth | Steam Paddle Wheeler | Newcastle, NSW, Australia | Newcastle City Council | 1831 | Oceangoing steam-powered side paddlewheeler | Replica of Australian built ship | |||
| Pilgrim | Brig | Dana Point, US | Ocean Institute | 1825 | 1834 memoir by Richard Henry Dana, Jr. | Burned at sea 1856 | Used in Amistad movie | ||
| Dunbrody | Barque | New Ross, Ireland | 1845 | Famine Ship | Grounded 1875, Labrador | A Famine History museum | |||
| Jeanie Johnston | Barque | Dublin, Ireland | 1847 | Famine Ship | Sail Training vessel, a Famine History Museum and a Corporate Entertainment venue | ||||
| Californian | Schooner | San Diego, USA | Patrolled California coast c.1850 | Based on C.W. Lawrence | |||||
| Bluenose II | Schooner | Lunenburg, Canada | 1921 | Winning Racing Schooner | Grounded 1946 | Fundraising for Bluenose III |
Austronesia
| Ship name | Type | Current port | Current affiliation | Country | Original affiliation | Original built | Notable for | End | Remark |
| Balatik | Paraw | El Nido, Philippines | Tao Philippines | Replica of a large trimaran paraw completed in 2014. Currently used for island-hopping tours from El Nido to Coron, Palawan by the Tao Philippines organization. | |||||
| Diwata ng Lahi | Balangay | Manila, Philippines | National Museum of the Philippines | Kaya ng Pinoy Foundation | c.320 CE - AD 1215 | One of several replicas of Austronesian lashed-lug plank boats from Butuan. Sailed throughout Southeast Asia in 2008 along with Masawa Hong Butuan and Sama Tawi-Tawi. | On permanent display | ||
| Lahi ng Maharlika | Balangay | Manila, Philippines | Kaya ng Pinoy Foundation | c.320 CE - AD 1215 | One of several replicas of Austronesian lashed-lug plank boats from Butuan | ||||
| Masawa Hong Butuan | Balangay | Manila, Philippines | Kaya ng Pinoy Foundation | c.320 CE - AD 1215 | One of several replicas of Austronesian lashed-lug plank boats from Butuan. Sailed throughout Southeast Asia in 2008 along with Diwata ng Lahi and Sama Tawi-Tawi. | ||||
| Sama Tawi-Tawi | Balangay | Manila, Philippines | Kaya ng Pinoy Foundation | c.320 CE - AD 1215 | One of several replicas of Austronesian lashed-lug plank boats from Butuan. Sailed throughout Southeast Asia in 2008 along with Diwata ng Lahi and Masawa Hong Butuan. | ||||
| Sarimanok | Vinta | Bali, Indonesia | Oceanographic Research Museum | ? | Sailed in 1985 from Bali to Madagascar across the Indian Ocean to replicate ancient seafaring techniques | ||||
| Sultan sin Sulu | Balangay | Manila, Philippines | Kaya ng Pinoy Foundation | c.320 CE - AD 1215 | One of several replicas of Austronesian lashed-lug plank boats from Butuan | ||||
| Alfred Wallace | Kalulis | Indonesia | Tim Severin | A replica of built by the British explorer Tim Severin and sailed in the Indonesian archipelago as chronicled in his book The Spice Islands Voyage | |||||
| Hati Marege | Padewakang | Indonesia | Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory | a replica of a vessel used by Sulawesian to catch teripang in Australian coast, 16-20th century | |||||
| Samudra Raksa | Borobudur ship | Indonesia | Samudra Raksa Museum | c.8th century | A replica of one of the ships carved in Borobudur, launched in a 2003 to 2004 expedition from Jakarta to Accra, Ghana | ||||
| Spirit of Majapahit | Borobudur ship | Indonesia | Japan Majapahit Association | c.13th century | A replica of a sailing vessel from the Majapahit Kingdom. It sailed from Jakarta to Pontianak, Brunei Darussalam, Manila, Taipei, and Tokyo in 2016 | ||||
| Saina | Sakman | Guam | The first modern replica of a Chamorro sakman built between 2007 to 2008 | ||||||
| Alingano Maisu | Waʻa kaulua | Kawaihae, Hawaii | A double-hulled voyaging canoe built in Kawaihae, Hawaii by members of Na Kalai Waʻa Moku o Hawaiʻi and ʻOhana Wa'a members from throughout the Pacific and abroad as a gift and tribute to Satawalese navigator Mau Piailug | ||||||
| Hōkūleʻa | Waʻa kaulua | Honolulu, Hawaii | Polynesian Voyaging Society | A performance-accurate waʻa kaulua, a Polynesian double-hulled voyaging canoe. Launched on 8 March 1975 by the Polynesian Voyaging Society, she is best known for her 1976 Hawaiʻi to Tahiti voyage completed with exclusively Polynesian navigation techniques. | |||||
| Hawaiʻiloa | Waʻa kaulua | Honolulu, Hawaii | |||||||
| Hikianalia | Waʻa kaulua | Hawaii | |||||||
| Hokualakai | Waʻa kaulua | Hilo, Hawaii | |||||||
| Makali'i | Waʻa kaulua | Kawaihae, Hawaii | |||||||
| Iosepa | Waʻa kaulua | Honolulu, Hawaii | |||||||
| Maire Nui | Vaka katea | Rarotonga, Cook Islands | |||||||
| Marumaru Atua | Vaka katea | Rarotonga, Cook Islands | |||||||
| Naga Pelangi | Pinas | Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia | Naga Pelang is a wooden junk rigged schooner of the Malay pinas type built from 2004 to 2009 in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Finished in 2010, it is operated as a charter vessel in South East Asia. It is built entirely using traditional Austronesian lashed-lug techniques. | ||||||
| Tākitimu | Vaka katea | Rarotonga, Cook Islands | |||||||
| Te Au O Tonga | Vaka katea | Rarotonga, Cook Islands | |||||||
| Faʻafaite i te Ao Māʻohi | Pahi | Tahiti, French Polynesia | |||||||
| Tahiti Nui | Pahi | Tahiti, French Polynesia | |||||||
| Aotearoa One | Waka hourua | Auckland, New Zealand | |||||||
| Haunui | Waka hourua | Auckland, New Zealand | |||||||
| Ngahiraka Mai Tawhiti | Waka hourua | Auckland, New Zealand | |||||||
| Pūmaiterangi | Waka hourua | Auckland, New Zealand | |||||||
| Te Aurere | Waka hourua | Auckland, New Zealand |
East Asia
- Kanrin Maru; Minami Awaji harbour, Japan; a double-size replica of a Japanese warship
- Namihaya; Osaka Maritime Museum, Japan; 5th-century Japanese ship replica
- Naniwa Maru; Osaka Maritime Museum, Japan; Edo period merchant ship
- San Juan Bautista; Ishinomaki, Japan; a Japanese warship
- Turtle ship; a generic replica of a Korean ship
- Michinoku Maru; Michinoku Traditional Wooden Boat Museum, Japan; 18th-century Japanese trade ship replica
- Princess Taiping; a replica of a Ming Dynasty Chinese junk.
- :commons:Category:Full-size Treasure Boat model |Replica of a Chinese treasure ship, in the :commons:Category:Treasure Boat Shipyard|Treasure Boat Shipyard Park, Nanjing
- Dingyuan; a replica of an Imperial Chinese ironclad from the late 19th century
Other vessels
- SS Bandırma; Turkish passenger cargo vessel
- Jewel of Muscat; Omani 9th-century sailing ship built to retrace the route of the original ship from Oman to Singapore.
- Ictineu II; Barcelona, Spain; a replica of the first mechanically powered steam driven submarine.
- The Hjortspring Boat is replica of a Danish Iron Age rowing boat.
- At the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde, replicas of Viking ships are built.
- Various projects for building replicas of the ill-fated have been proposed over the years. The first Titanic replica to actually commence construction is being built by Chinese firm Seven Star Energy Investment; by mid-2020 most of the hull had been completed. The ship will not sail on any ocean, but be permanently docked on a river in Sichuan province to function as the main attraction for the Romandisea Seven Star International Cultural Tourism Resort.
- Various "replicas" of Noah's Ark have been built. Whether they are properly regarded as "replicas" depends on whether one takes the Biblical flood story as mythology or fact. Since the Biblical description of the vessel is very brief beyond the basic measures, the exact design of any "replica" is necessarily conjectural.
- M/V Katzen Wooden replica of a two masted, square sailed lake boat which operates on lake Goodwin, WA.