Adrian Tomine's graphic novel Shortcomings is his only work that fully deals with themes of being a young Asian-American male in American society. Ben Tanaka, the story's protagonist, lives in Berkeley, California with his politically active girlfriend Miko Hayashi. Ben is uninterested in Miko's participation in the Asian-American cultural community, but he possesses a wandering eyespecifically for Caucasian women. When Miko begins to resent what she interprets as a rejection of both her Asian heritage and of herself, she moves to New York, at which point Ben disastrously attempts to pursue the type of woman he feels he really wants. In Sandra Oh's essay "Sight Unseen: Adrian Tomine's Optic Nerve and the Politics of Recognition"., published by The Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, Oh writes that Tomine, like his character Ben Tanaka, is more or less "pessimistic about the possibility of escaping the limitations of socially inscribed identities." Throughout the novel we see this pessimism manifest in Ben's general rejection and resentment of things that attempt to, in Ben's words, "make some big 'statement' about race." At the same time, Shortcomings does deal with racial issues, but it attempts to do so without resorting to clichés.
Critical reception
Entertainment Weekly has frequently praised Tomine's work, and Shortcomings was no exception. In 2006, Entertainment Weekly published a short review of Tomine's work in their article., which lists "What not to miss in Music, Books, Games, and more…". They wrote:
Optic Nerve comics prodigy Adrian Tomine has built a loyal following off the slice-of-life Nerve since '91. His latest arc follows moody movie-theater owner Ben Tanaka, who struggles to hang on to his Asian girlfriend while secretly lusting after white ladies. He's sad and somewhat despicable, and yet Tomine, being the understated virtuoso he is, effortlessly spins him into a Gen-X hero.
In 2007, Entertainment Weekly placed Shortcomings on their list of "Autumn’s most eagerly awaited new books." After its release, critic Ken Tucker gave Tomine's novel Shortcomings an "A" grade, calling it a "graphic narrative as piercingly realistic as any prose fiction." In "World Literature Today", David Shook of the University of Oxford called Tomine's drawing in Shortcomings "characteristically clean and succinct" and praised the novel's success in asking questions "important enough to make raising them a notable effort in itself." Shortcomings was also named to multiple Best of 2007 lists for both books in general and graphic novels, including those from , the , and . Tomine has not completely escaped criticism, however. As Derek Parker Royal wrote in MELUS; "Tomine’s resistance to racialized identity in his works, for which some Asian-Americans have criticized him, is called into question by his recent efforts to confront Asian-American subject matters. As a result, one can read his semi-autobiographic comics as a chronicle of the limits and responsibilities of ethnic representation."
