Sikh Regiment
The Sikh Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army that recruits from the Sikh community. It is the most decorated regiment of the Indian Army and in 1979, the 1st battalion was the Commonwealth's most decorated battalion with 245 pre-independence and 82 post-independence gallantry awards, when it was transformed into the 4th battalion, Mechanised Infantry Regiment. The first battalion of the regiment was officially raised just before the annexation of the Sikh Empire on August 1 1846, by the British East India Company. Currently, the Sikh Regimental Centre is located in Ramgarh Cantonment, Jharkhand. The Centre was earlier located in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.
The modern Sikh Regiment traces its roots directly from the 11th Sikh Regiment of the British Indian Army. When transferred to the Indian Army like its sister regiments, the numeral prefix was removed and extra battalions were raised, transferred or disbanded to meet army needs. With a humble beginning of two battalions, today the fraternity has grown to a regiment of 19 regular infantry and two reserve battalions strong.
History
After the First Anglo-Sikh War, Sikhs who lived in the territory ruled by the Sikh Empire began to be recruited into the Bengal Army of the British East India Company. Among the earliest entirely Sikh units of the Bengal Army were the Regiment of Ferozepore which later became the 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs, and the Regiment of Ludhiana which later became the 15th Ludhiana Sikhs. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War more Punjabis began to be recruited into the Bengal Army, forming regiments such as the 1st Bengal Military Police Battalion, which later became the 45th Rattray's Sikhs. Sikh units generally remained loyal to the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, in which many regiments of the Bengal Army mutinied against their British officers. After the rebellion, troops from Bihar and Awadh were recruited less as they had led the mutiny; the centre of recruitment then shifted to the Punjab and the North-West Frontier, resulting in more Sikhs being recruited into the Bengal Army. A number of new Sikh regiments were raised, such as the 36th Sikhs and 35th Sikhs, both raised in 1887. 21 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs fought in the Battle of Saragarhi against 6,000-10,000 Pashtun tribesmen in 1897 during campaigns in the North-West Frontier, in what is considered by some military historians as one of history's greatest last stands. In 1922 the Indian government reformed the British Indian Army by amalgamating single battalion regiments into multi-battalion regiments; this led to the formation of the 11th Sikh Regiment from the 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs, the 15th Ludhiana Sikhs, the 45th Rattray's Sikhs, the 36th Sikhs, the 47th Sikhs, and the 35th Sikhs. The 11th Sikh Regiment served during World War II and on the partition of India, the regiment was allotted to the newly formed Indian Army, becoming the Sikh Regiment.As part of the British Indian Army, Sikh regiments fought in numerous wars all over the world, such as the Second Opium War in China, the Second Anglo-Afghan War, many campaigns on the North-West Frontier, the Western Front, Gallipoli and Mesopotamia campaigns of the First World War, the Third Anglo-Afghan War, and the North African, Italian and Burma campaigns of the Second World War, earning many gallantry awards and battle honours in the process.
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948, the 1st battalion of the Sikh Regiment was the first unit to be airlifted to Srinagar to aid in the defence of the Kashmir Valley against Pakistani irregular forces. Battalions of the Sikh Regiment also fought in the Sino-Indian War in 1962, the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1965 and 1971, and the Kargil War in 1999.
Recruitment
Enlisted soldiers are recruited mainly from the Jat Sikh of Punjab and its surrounding states. They trained in the Sikh Regimental Centre, currently located in Ramgarh Cantonment, Jharkhand. The war cry of the regiment, taken from Sikh scriptures, is Bole So Nihal, Sat Sri Akal.Units
- 2nd Battalion
- 3rd Battalion
- 4th Battalion
- 5th Battalion
- 6th Battalion
- 7th Battalion
- 8th Battalion
- 10th Battalion
- 11th Battalion
- 13th Battalion
- 14th Battalion
- 16th Battalion
- 17th Battalion
- 18th Battalion
- 19th Battalion
- 20th Battalion
- 21st Battalion
- 22nd Battalion
- 23rd Battalion
- 24th Battalion
- 124 Infantry Battalion Territorial Army located at New Delhi, Union Territory
- 152 Infantry Battalion Territorial Army located at Ludhiana, Punjab
- 157 Infantry Battalion Territorial Army BD Bari, Jammu and Kashmir
- 1st Battalion is now 4th Battalion, Mechanised Infantry Regiment
- 9th Battalion was disbanded in 1984
Battle honours and theatre honours
Battle honours
;Pre-Independence- Lucknow 1857-58, 1 Sikh
- Arrah 1857, 3 Sikh
- Bihar 1857, 3 Sikh
- China 1860-62, 2 Sikh
- Ali Masjid 1878, 1 & 3 Sikh
- Ahmed Khel 1880, 2 Sikh
- Afghanistan 1878-79, 1 Sikh
- Afghanistan 1878-80, 2 & 3 Sikh
- Kandahar 1880, 2 Sikh
- Suakin 1885, 2 Sikh
- Tofrek 1885, 2 Sikh
- Manipur 1891, 4 Sikh
- Chitral 1895, 1 & 2 Sikh
- Samana 1897, 4 Sikh
- Saragarhi/Gulistan 1897, 36 Sikh
- Punjab Frontier 1897, 2, 3, 4 & 35 Sikh
- Malakand 1897, 3 & 35 Sikh
- Tirah 1897-98, 2 & 4 Sikh
- China 1900, 1 Sikh
- North-West Frontier 1908, 3 Sikh
- La Bassée 1914, 2 & 5 Sikh
- St-Julien 1914, 2 & 5 Sikh
- Armentières 1914-15, 5 Sikh
- Auber 1914, 2 & 5 Sikh
- Givens 1914, 4 Sikh
- Tsingtao 1914, 4 & 5 Sikh
- Neuve Chapelle 1914-15, 2, 3 & 5 Sikh
- France and Flanders 1914-15, 2 & 5 Sikh
- Suez Canal 1914-15, 1 Sikh
- Festubert 1915, 2 Sikh
- Tigris 1916, 3 & 5 Sikh
- Pyres 1915, 2 & 4 Sikh
- Sari Bair 1915, 1 Sikh
- Helles 1915, 1 Sikh
- Krishna 1915, 1 Sikh
- Suva 1915, 1 Sikh
- Gallipoli 1915, 1 Sikh
- Egypt 1915, 1 Sikh
- Mesopotamia 1916-18, 1, 3 & 4 Sikh
- Sharon 1918, 2 & 5 Sikh
- Palestine 1918, 5 Sikh
- Baghdad 1916-18, 5 Sikh
- Kut 1917, 1, 3 & 5 Sikh
- Hai 1917, 3 & 4 Sikh
- Megiddo 1918, 5 Sikh
- Persia 1918, 4 Sikh
- Egypt 1918, 2 & 3 Sikh
- North-West Frontier 1918-19, 5 Sikh
- Afghanistan 1919, 2 Sikh
- Palestine 1921, 5 Sikh
. after German surrender during World War II.
- Agordat 1940-41, 4 Sikh
- Keren 1941, 4 Sikh
- El Alamein 1940-43, 4 Sikh
- Omars 1941, 4 Sikh
- Kuantan 1941-42, 5 Sikh
- Niyor Kluang 1941-42, 5 Sikh
- Mersa Matruh 1941-42, 2 Sikh
- Kota Bharu 1942, 5 Sikh
- North Arakan 1942-45, 1 Sikh
- Buthidaung 1942-45, 1 Sikh
- Coriano 1943-45, 2 Sikh
- San Marino 1943-45, 2 Sikh
- Poggio San Giovanni 1943-45, 2 Sikh
- Monte Calvo 1943-45, 4 Sikh
- Kangla Tongbi 1944, 1 Sikh
- Gothic Line 1943-45, 4 Sikh
- Nyaung U Bridgehead 1945, 1 Sikh
- Irrawaddy River 1945, 1 Sikh
- Shandatgyi 1945, 1 Sikh
- Kama 1945, 1 Sikh
- Sittang 1945, 1 Sikh
;Post-Independence
- Srinagar 1947, 1 Sikh
- Tithwal 1948, 1 Sikh
- Raja Picquet 1965, 2 Sikh
- Burki 1965, 4 Sikh
- Op Hill 1965, 7 Sikh
- Siramani 1971, 4 Sikh
- Poonch 1971, 6 Sikh
- Purbat Ali 1971, 10 Sikh
- Tiger Hill 1999, 8 Sikh
Theatre honours
- North Africa 1940-43, 2 & 4 Sikh
- Abyssinia 1940-41, 4 Sikh
- Iraq 1941, 3 Sikh
- North Africa 1941-42, 3 Sikh
- Malaya 1941-42, 5 Sikh
- Burma 1942-45, 1 Sikh
- Italy 1943-45, 2 & 4 Sikh
- Greece 1944-45, 2 Sikh
, Pakistan, September 1965.
- Jammu & Kashmir 1947-48, 1, 5, 7 & 16 Sikh
- Jammu & Kashmir 1965, 2, 3 & 7 Sikh
- Punjab 1965, 4 Sikh
- Sindh 1971, 10 Sikh
- Punjab 1971, 2 Sikh
- East Pakistan 1971, 4 Sikh
- Jammu & Kashmir 1971, 5 & 6 Sikh
- Kargil 1999, 8 Sikh
Operation Blue Star
British Army Sikh Regiment
Advanced plans by the British Army to raise a Sikh infantry regiment that would recruit from the UK's Sikh community were scrapped due to accusations by the Commission for Racial Equality that such a creation could be viewed as racist or sectarian. The plan had many supporters, including Prince Charles.Gallantry awards
The museum of the Sikh Regimental Centre displays a record of the Sikh Regiment in four halls viz.,- The Religious/Motivational Hall
- The Hall of Heritage
- The Regimental Glory Hall
- The Peripheral Gallery
- 2 Param Vir Chakras
- 8 Maha Vir Chakras
- 64 Vir Chakras
- 4 Ashoka Chakras
- 14 Victoria Crosses
- 21 Indian Order of Merits
- 75 battle honours
- 38 theatre honours besides five COAS Unit Citations
Indian Order of Merit
- Hav. Ishar Singh
- Nk. Lal Singh
- L/Nk. Chanda Singh
- Sep. Sundar Singh
- Sep. Ram Singh
- Sep. Uttar Singh
- Sep. Sahib Singh
- Sep. Hira Singh
- Sep. Daya Singh
- Sep. Jivan Singh
- Sep. Bhola Singh
- Sep. Narayan Singh
- Sep. Gurmukh Singh
- Sep. Jivan Singh
- Sep. Gurmukh Singh
- Sep. Ram Singh
- Sep. Bhagwan Singh
- Sep. Bhagwan Singh
- Sep. Buta Singh
- Sep. Jivan Singh
- Sep. Nand Singh
Victoria Cross
- Lt. Karamjeet Singh Judge
- Nk. Gian Singh
- Nk. Nand Singh
- Hav. Ishar Singh
- Hav. Parkash Singh
Param Vir Chakra
- L/Nk. Karam Singh
- Sub. Joginder Singh
Ashok Chakra
- Sub. Surinder Singh
- Bachittar Singh
- Havildar Joginder Singh
- Gurnam Singh Ashoka Chakra
Maha Vir Chakra
- Maj. Ajit Singh
- Sub. Ajit Singh
- Sep. Amar Singh
- Brig. Joginder Singh Bakshi
- Maj. Amarjit Singh Bal
- Lt. Col. Inderbal Singh Bawa
- Sub. Nand Singh
- Lt. Col.Dewan Ranjit Rai
- Shanghara Singh
Vir Chakra
- Lt. Gen. Harbaksh Singh
- Subedar Nirmal Singh
- Subedar Karnail Singh
- Sepoy Satpal Singh
L/NK Mohinder Singh
Padma Vibhushan
- Lt. Gen. Harbaksh Singh
Padma Bhushan
- Lt. Gen. Harbaksh Singh
Sikh Chiefs
- Joginder Singh Dhillon
- Jagjit Singh Aurora Padma Bhushan
- Kuldip Singh Chandpuri
- General JJ Singh (First Sikh General of Indian Army.
- Arjan Singh Padma Vibhushan
- Birender Singh Dhanoa
- General Bikram Singh.
- Dilbagh Singh
- Inderjit Singh Gill
Award Winners
- Air Commodore Jasjit Singh Vir Chakra Padma Bhushan
- Air Commodore Mehar Singh MVC
- Lt. General Joginder Singh Gharaya MVC, Kirti Chakra
- Lieutenant Colonel I J S Butalia MVC 4 Dogra Regiment
- Gurnam Singh Ashoka Chakra
- Rajinder Singh Sparrow
- Subedar Bana Singh PVC
- Flying officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon PVC
- Naib Subedar Gurnam Singh Ashoka Chakra
- Lieutenant Navdeep Singh
- Captain Jasbir Singh Raina Ashoka Chakra
- Harbhajan Singh
See Also
- Baba Harbhajan Singh
Alliances
- - Duke of Lancaster's Regiment