Simultaneous release
A simultaneous release, also known as "day-and-date" release, is the release of a film on multiple platforms—most commonly theatrical and home video—on the exact same day, or in very close proximity to each other. This is in contrast to the industry standard of having a window of exclusivity between the theatrical and home video releases.
The concept was used by several independent films released in the 2000s. In the mid-2010s, the subscription streaming service Netflix began to perform simultaneous releases of its feature films, by means of a limited theatrical release, accompanied by international availability on the Netflix service. As of Roma in 2018, Netflix began a practice of giving its films a three-week limited release before they become available on the service, which is still shorter.
Due to their disruptive nature, simultaneous releases have faced mixed reactions from the industry. Advocates have considered them a means of catering to consumer choice and improving the accessibility of film, and critics arguing that they dilute box office revenue by requiring cinemas to compete with premature availability of a film on home video, and are detrimental to the traditional movie-going experience. Most major cinema chains require films to have an exclusive theatrical window of a minimum length, so films that pursue a simultaneous release or shorter window are typically screened at independent and art house cinemas only.
Until 2020, the only film that had been released in such a manner by a major film studio was The Interview, which resorted to simultaneous releases via cinemas and digital rentals due to unforeseen circumstances inhibiting a wide theatrical release. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the re-evaluation of alternate release models due to mass, temporary closures of cinemas worldwide.
Justification
Typically, the release of a film is governed by staggered exclusivity "windows" of specific lengths, to prevent releases of a film at different outlets from having to compete directly with each other. Release windows are enforced primarily by major cinema chains, which usually requires distributors to agree to a 74-day window before a film is offered via electronic sell-through. There is usually a 90-day window between the theatrical and home video releases.By the 2000s, improving home cinema technology such as DVD, and the growth of piracy, gave studios an incentive to release films on home video sooner. In 2005, Disney CEO Bob Iger suggested that simultaneous releases of films at theaters and on DVD could help to counter piracy, going as far as suggesting that DVDs could be sold directly at the theater. In the late-1980's, the average length of time between theatrical and home video releases was usually six months, but some blockbuster films enjoyed windows of nine to twelve months. By 2012, the average window before a home release was 112 days, which decreased to 85 by 2017.
A simultaneous release only requires a single marketing campaign, which can be beneficial for studios with lower budgets.
Notable examples
- In 2005, British distributor Dogwoof experimented with the concept for its July 25 release EMR, with a theatrical release, a DVD, and digital purchase in partnership with British ISP Tiscali.
- The January 2006 release of Steven Soderbergh's Bubble was one of the first high-profile examples of a simultaneous and "end-to-end" film release. Bubble was financed by Mark Cuban and Todd Wagner through their studio 2929 Productions, which screened the film via their art house chain Landmark Theatres, and distributed the film on DVD. The film was also given airings on Cuban's HDNet and HDNet Movies cable networks. 2929 offered a 1% cut of revenue from DVD sales to cinemas who wanted to screen the film. Due to [|resistance] over the model, major chains declined to screen Bubble.
- In March 2006, The Road to Guantánamo premiered on the British television network Channel 4, and was released in selected theaters and on home media the following day. Andrew Eaton, co-founder of the film's distributor Revolution Films, explained that "with a film like this that's starting with what would traditionally be the last outlet—a television broadcast—we thought it would be better to go with everything else at once."
- In 2014, the wide release of the film The Interview was cancelled by Sony Pictures, after multiple chains pulled the film due to terrorist threats by a group that had also hacked Sony Pictures' internal servers, and was believed to have ties to North Korea. Sony elected to instead offer the film for digital purchase on December 24, coupled with a limited theatrical release the next day, and streaming online for a limited time.
- In 2015, the subscription streaming service Netflix began to acquire feature films, such as Beasts of No Nation. The film was distributed by Bleecker Street in a limited release to ensure award eligibility, and released on Netflix's streaming service internationally day-and-date with the theatrical release. Since Roma in 2018, Netflix has given its feature films a limited, three-week release prior to their debut on the service.
Use during the COVID-19 pandemic
Trolls World Tour did receive theatrical screenings at around 25 drive-in theaters in the United States; Deadline Hollywood estimated that these screenings grossed $60,000 on its opening weekend. Universal announced on April 13 that Trolls World Tour was its largest-ever debut for a digital release, with exact figures pending because they are not reported in the same manner as conventional box office figures. It became the top rental on a variety of VOD services over its opening weekend, with FandangoNow announcing that the film was its most pre-ordered rental of all-time, its most-ordered rental within the first day of availability, and its most-ordered rental within the first three days of availability. Deadline Hollywood estimated that based on its budget, the film could break-even with around $200 million in revenue if between 9–12 million rentals were purchased.
On April 28, NBCUniversal CEO Jeff Shell reported to The Wall Street Journal that the film had reached around 5 million rentals and nearly $100 million in revenue, and stated that the company planned to release films "on both formats" as soon as cinemas reopen.
Reception and responses
Advocates of simultaneous releases argue that they promote consumer choice, by allowing viewers to choose how and when they want to watch a film, especially if they do not have access to a cinema. Netflix stated its model " access for people who can't always afford, or live in towns without, theaters. Letting everyone, everywhere enjoy releases at the same time. Giving filmmakers more ways to share art. These things are not mutually exclusive." In April 2019, Steven Spielberg similarly stated that "everyone should have access to great stories", and that they should be able to "find their entertainment in any form or fashion that suits them".Film industry figures have argued that simultaneous releases can dilute box office revenue, and detract from the communal experience of movie-going. Following the announcement of Bubbles simultaneous release, M. Night Shyamalan stated that the distributor's plans were "heartless and soulless and disrespectful", and argued that cable and internet companies needed to "wait their turn". Major cinema chains often refuse to carry films that do not adhere to an industry-standard exclusivity window, which can reduce a film's ability to reach a wider audience; IndieWire acknowledged that a peak of 500 U.S. cinemas reached by Martin Scorsese's Netflix-distributed The Irishman was "close to the maximum number" it could be screened at without involvement from major chains.
In 2018, the Cannes Film Festival instituted a rule requiring all films screened to have a scheduled theatrical release in the country. Under French law at the time, theatrically-released films were prohibited from being distributed on subscription video on demand services until three years after their original release. At the time, there was a proposal to shorten this to 15 months, if the service agrees to pay levies and perform investments in domestic productions. The move came following criticism of Netflix's submissions at the 2017 festival, which raised questions over whether it was appropriate to exhibit a film intended for a simultaneous release at a festival devoted to showcasing theatrical film.
Netflix's day-and-date streaming of On My Skin upon its theatrical release in Italy was widely-criticized by the local film industry, who felt that Netflix's use of the publicly-funded Venice Film Festival to promote its service and content was detrimental to Italian and European film. In November 2018, Italy's Minister of Culture Alberto Bonisoli announced that the industry's 105-day window between theatrical and streaming releases of a film would be enshrined in law.
Since 2019, the Toronto International Film Festival has been restricted from scheduling films submitted by streaming services at the Scotiabank Theatre Toronto, due to theatrical windowing requirements enforced by its owner Cineplex Entertainment.
The Verge felt that Trolls World Tour "could be a case study for Hollywood's digital future" even after the COVID-19 pandemic, acknowledging that although the vast majority of high-profile blockbuster films were more likely to receive a windowed release as to not erode relationships with the cinema industry, studios may be more likely to explore simultaneous releases on a case-by-case basis, especially on mid-budget films with lower revenue expectations.
On April 28, AMC Theatres announced that it will no longer screen Universal Pictures films, in direct retaliation for Shell's comments praising simultaneous releases.