SkySat


SkySat is a constellation of sub-meter resolution Earth observation satellites owned by Planet Labs, providing imagery, high-definition video and analytics services. Planet acquired the satellites with their purchase of Terra Bella, a Mountain View, California-based company founded in 2009 by Dan Berkenstock, Julian Mann, John Fenwick, and Ching-Yu Hu, from Google in 2017.

Overview

The resolution of the SkySat satellite imagery and videos is high enough to observe objects that impact the global economy such as terrain, cars and shipping containers. The satellites can capture video clips lasting up to 90 seconds at 30 frames per second. The high-definition satellite video from SkySat satellites "could help us understand our world better by analyzing movement of goods and people, providing visual data about supply chains, shipping, industrial plant activity, and even humanitarian relief efforts".
The constellation's goal is to be able to provide high-resolution satellite imagery of any place on Earth multiple times a day. When Skybox originally developed the satellites, they planned to "change the nature" of the satellite industry by building satellites with "off-the-shelf" electronics that cost under US$50 million.

History

By April 2012, Skybox Imaging had raised a total of of private capital from Khosla Ventures, Bessemer Venture Partners, Canaan Partners and Norwest Venture Partners to develop the SkySat constellation.
On 21 November 2013, the first satellite, SkySat-1, was launched on a Dnepr rocket from Dombarovsky Air Base, Russia. Less than a month later, on 11 December 2013, the first images captured by the SkySat-1 satellite, of Perth, Abu Dhabi, and the coast of Somalia, were released. The second satellite, SkySat-2, launched on a Soyuz-2/Fregat rocket from Baikonur, Kazakhstan on 8 July 2014. The company plans to eventually launch a fleet of 24 satellites. and released its first images within 48 hours of launch.
On 10 February 2014, SSL announced that Skybox had awarded it a contract to build 13 more satellites based on a revised "SkySat C" design. The first of these, Skysat-3, also referred to as SkySat-C1, was launched on 22 June 2016 by Indian Space Research Organisation on Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C34.
On 10 June 2014, Skybox Imaging announced that it had entered into an agreement to be acquired by Google for. The acquisition was completed on 1 August 2014. Skybox Imaging changed its name to "Terra Bella" on 8 March 2016, to indicate its focus on image analytics. The new name was partially based on the Terra Bella Avenue in Mountain View, California, where the company's headquarters are located. Terra bella is Italian for "beautiful Earth". The name change was also partially due to perceived trademark infringement that came to light in the Google acquisition.
Four more SkySat units were launched on 16 September 2016, by the Vega rocket's seventh flight from Kourou.
In 2017, Google sold Terra Bella and its SkySat satellite constellation to Planet Labs, adding to their existing fleet of around 50 satellites, for an undisclosed price and entered into a multi-year agreement to purchase SkySat imaging data. Planet Labs launched six more SkySat satellites, along with four Dove CubeSats, on a Minotaur-C rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 31 October 2017. An additional two SkySat satellites and three Dove CubeSats were launched on a Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg on 3 December 2018.

Satellite constellation

The SkySat satellites are based on the CubeSat concept, using inexpensive automotive grade electronics and fast commercially available processors, but scaled up to approximately the size of a minifridge. The satellites are approximately 80 cm long, compared to approximately 30 cm for a 3U CubeSat, and weigh 220 lbs.
The first two prototype satellites were produced by Skybox Imaging in-house. They did not have a propulsion system.
The other 13 satellites are manufactured by SSL, the optical payloads are built by L3 Technologies, and the satellite thrusters are provided by ECAPS. The 13 SkySat-C satellites are slightly larger and heavier than the prototypes. They have a planned operational life of 6 years.
The SkySat-C satellites were put on a 500 km SSO orbit.
Three of Planet's commercial SkySat Earth-imaging spacecraft launched on top of a stack of 58 SpaceX Starlink-8 satellites on 13 June 2020 aboard a Falcon 9 rocket, and three more will hitch a ride on another SpaceX mission in July 2020. Built by Maxar Technologies, each of the SkySat satellites weighs around 110 kg at launch. The SkySats are about the size of a mini-refrigerator, and their optical instruments produce images of Earth with a resolution of 50 cm, according to Planet.

List of satellites

There have been 18 satellites launched.
NameAlt nameCOSPARDate of launchRocketLaunch siteRefs
SkySat-1COSPAR 2013-066C21 November 2013DneprDombarovsky Air Base, Russia
SkySat-2COSPAR 2014-037D8 July 2014Soyuz-2.1bBaikonur, Kazakhstan
SkySat-3SkySat-C1
SkySat Gen2-1		COSPAR 2016-040C22 June 2016PSLV-XL C34SHAR, Sriharikota, India
SkySat-4SkySat-C2COSPAR 2016-058D16 September 2016VegaCentre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou
SkySat-5SkySat-C3COSPAR 2016-058E16 September 2016VegaCentre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou
SkySat-6SkySat-C4COSPAR 2016-058B16 September 2016VegaCentre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou
SkySat-7SkySat-C5COSPAR 2016-058C16 September 2016VegaCentre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou
SkySat-8SkySat-C6COSPAR 2017-068F31 October 2017Minotaur-C 3210Vandenberg Air Force Base
SkySat-9SkySat-C7COSPAR 2017-068E31 October 2017Minotaur-C 3210Vandenberg Air Force Base
SkySat-10SkySat-C8COSPAR 2017-068D31 October 2017Minotaur-C 3210Vandenberg Air Force Base
SkySat-11SkySat-C9COSPAR 2017-068C31 October 2017Minotaur-C 3210Vandenberg Air Force Base
SkySat-12SkySat-C10COSPAR 2017-068B31 October 2017Minotaur-C 3210Vandenberg Air Force Base
SkySat-13SkySat-C11COSPAR 2017-068A31 October 2017Minotaur-C 3210Vandenberg Air Force Base
SkySat-14SkySat-C12COSPAR 2018-099AR3 December 2018Falcon 9 Block 5Vandenberg Air Force Base
SkySat-15SkySat-C13COSPAR 2018-099AW3 December 2018Falcon 9 Block 5Vandenberg Air Force Base
SkySat-16SkySat-C14COSPAR 2020-038A13 June 2020Falcon 9 Block 5Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, SLC-40
SkySat-17SkySat-C15COSPAR 2020-038B13 June 2020Falcon 9 Block 5Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, SLC-40
SkySat-18SkySat-C16COSPAR 2020-038C13 June 2020Falcon 9 Block 5Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, SLC-40