Smolny Convent or Smolny Convent of the Resurrection, located on Ploschad Rastrelli, on the left bank of the River Neva in Saint Petersburg, Russia, consists of a cathedral and a complex of buildings surrounding it, originally planned as a convent.
History
This Russian Orthodox convent was built to house Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great. After she was disallowed succession to the throne, she opted to become a nun. However, her Imperial predecessor, Ivan VI, was overthrown during a coup d'état. Elizabeth decided against entering monastic life and accepted the offer of the Russian throne. Work on the convent continued with her royal patronage. The convent's main church, a blue-and-white building, is considered to be one of the architectural masterpieces of the Italian architectFrancesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, who also redesigned the Winter Palace, and created the Grand Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo, the Grand Palace in Peterhof and many other major St. Petersburg landmarks. The Cathedral is the centerpiece of the convent, built by Rastrelli between 1748 and 1764. The projected bell-tower was to become the tallest building in St. Petersburg and, at the time, all of Russia. Elizabeth's death in 1762 prevented Rastrelli from completing this grand design. When Catherine II assumed the throne, it was found that the new Empress strongly disapproved of the baroque style, and funding that had supported the construction of the convent rapidly ran out. Rastrelli was unable to build the huge bell-tower he had planned and unable to finish the interior of the cathedral. The building was only finished in 1835 by Vasily Stasov with the addition of a neo-classical interior to suit the changed architectural tastes at the time. The cathedral was consecrated on 22 July 1835; its main altar was dedicated to the Resurrection and the two side altars were dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene and Righteous Elizabeth. The church was closed by the Soviet authorities in 1923. It was looted and allowed to decay until 1982, when it became a concert hall. The faculties of sociology, political science and international relations of the Saint Petersburg State University are located in some of the buildings surrounding the cathedral. In April 2015 Smolny Cathedral was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, and will be converted back to its original purpose as a church. The nearby Smolny Institute is named after the convent. The name "Smolny" derives from the location. In the early days of St. Petersburg the place at the edge of the city where pitch was processed for use in shipbuilding and maintenance. As a result, the locale was called "smolny" - the place of pitch.
