South Bastion, Gibraltar


The South Bastion was part of the fortifications of Gibraltar, protecting the western base of the Charles V Wall.
It was originally built by Spanish military engineers, later improved by the British.
The South Bastion stands at the south end of the Line Wall Curtain which defends the town from attack from the Bay of Gibraltar. Another curtain wall runs east from the bastion to the base of a precipice. This wall is pierced by the Southport Gates, guarded by the South Bastion and the Flat Bastion on either side.

Early structures

The Milanese military engineer Giovanni Battista Calvi visited Gibraltar in 1557 and drew plans for two defensive positions to the south of the town, where the South Bastion and Flat Bastion now stand, connected by a new curtain wall.
Calvi was ill, and did not stay to carry out the planned works. It may have been another Italian, Amodeo Agostino, who died in 1571 who built the original bastions.
Another source says the bastion that was incorporated into the South Bastion was probably designed for Philip II of Spain by the Italian engineer Giacomo Fratino in the 1560s.

Fortification

The South Bastion, called the Baluarte de Nuestra Señora del Rosario by the Spanish, had been built by 1627.
Casemented gun positions on the bastion enfiladed the ditch across the Gate of Africa, now the Southport Gate.
The South bastion, and the Flat Bastion further inland, protected the Southport Gate, which lay between them.
A writer in 1786 described the southern defenses of Gibraltar:
Above the precipice the Moorish Wall and the upper Charles V Wall both continue up to the crest of the rock.
A traveler described the bastion in 1771 as follows:
The same writer said of the insect life: "The centipedes and quadrantipedes are plenty, with a large hairy spider, which some say is the tarantula, and together with the grilia talpa, are inhabitants of the south bastion."

Today

One of the bastion's current uses is to house the Gibraltar College which sits on top of the bastion.
A statue of Horatio Nelson stands below the South Bastion's wall, erected to commemorate the 200th anniversary of his victory and death in the Battle of Trafalgar. The statue was designed by John Doubleday and shows Nelson as he was when he last arrived at Gibraltar. The sculpture was commissioned by the Government of Gibraltar and is cast in part from copper taken from HMS Victory which visited the harbour on a number of occasions.