South Gate, California


South Gate is the 17th largest city in Los Angeles County, California, with. South Gate is located southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. It is part of the Gateway Cities region of southeastern Los Angeles County.
The city was incorporated on January 20, 1923, and it became known as the "Azalea City" when it adopted the flower as its symbol in 1965. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 94,396.
In 1990, South Gate was one of ten U.S. communities to receive the All-America City Award from the National Civic League.

History

Land grants

Among the early Spanish settlers was one of California's first families, the Lugos. The Lugo land grant encompassed a great part of what is now the City of South Gate.
While Francisco Lugo was stationed at Mission San Antonio de Padua near Salinas, California, his first California son, Antonio Maria Lugo was born in 1775. That son became Don Antonio Maria Lugo, Spanish aristocrat and soldier, who settled on of land that encompasses what is now the City of South Gate. In 1810, the King of Spain formally granted the land to Lugo as a reward for his and his father's military service. Rancho San Antonio extended from the low range of hills which separated it from the San Gabriel Valley to the old Dominguez Ranch at its south, and from the eastern boundary of the pueblo of Los Angeles to the San Gabriel River. Lugo also served as mayor of Los Angeles from 1816 to 1819.
A little over a century after the establishment of the Lugo Land Grant, the area at the south gate of the ranch became the City of South Gate. As Don Lugo's family grew, he obtained San Bernardino Rancho and other grants in his children's names.
The future South Gate site and adjacent mesas presented a colorful spectacle when countless heads of cattle and horses were herded from all directions to a common point for the annual great spring rodeo. Lugo would direct the proceedings and settle disputes regarding ownership of contested animals as well as adjudicate agricultural disputes. In his saddle, he was the court and the plains his courtroom.
Don Antonio's son Vincente built his adobe dwelling in the 1850s on. It is known as Lugo Ranch, and is situated on modern day Gage Avenue in the City of Bell Gardens.

Development

Before the end of the 1870s, much of the original land grant had been replaced by tracts of. By 1880, cattle raising had been replaced by agriculture as the most important local industry. During the years between 1910 and 1940, most of the agricultural land was replaced by homes and factories. Early developers accelerated the suburbanization of what was then called South Gate Gardens by subdividing the land into small plots and selling the empty plots to blue-collar workers. A majority of early homes were built individually as plot owners used "sweat equity rather than cash to construct their own homes" and the local economy relied heavily on urban agriculture.

Tweedy family

The R.D. Tweedy family played an important part in South Gate's history. Tweedy was born in 1812 in Illinois and came to California by ox-drawn cart in 1852. Mrs. Tweedy rode across the prairies perched on her rocking chair in the cart. The family was large, and several generations have lived in this city. The family members bought some of the land on which much of South Gate was built. The "downtown business district" in South Gate was named after the family and is known as the Tweedy Mile.

Naming

The city was named in 1918 after the South Gate Gardens on the Cudahy Ranch. The city was incorporated five years later, in 1923, using the shortened form of the name. The name refers to the city's being south of Los Angeles.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of. of it is land and of it is water. The total area is 1.59% water.
The Los Angeles River runs through the eastern part of South Gate.

Climate

South Gate has a semi-arid Mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot, dry summers. The average annual precipitation is per year with most occurring between November and April. Temperatures range from a low of to a high of. The average daily temperatures range from to.

Demographics

2010

The 2010 United States Census reported that South Gate had a population of 94,396. The population density was 12,837.6 people per square mile. The racial makeup of South Gate was 47,645 White, 3,209 Non-Hispanic White, 890 African American, 878 Native American, 732 Asian, 99 Pacific Islander, 40,624 from other races, and 3,528 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 89,442 persons.
The Census reported that 94,308 people lived in households, 16 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 72 were institutionalized.
There were 23,278 households, out of which 13,805 had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,183 were opposite-sex married couples living together, 4,706 had a female householder with no husband present, 2,261 had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,879 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 134 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,292 households were made up of individuals, and 996 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.05. There were 20,150 families ; the average family size was 4.24.
The population was spread out, with 29,374 people under the age of 18, 11,298 people aged 18 to 24, 28,039 people aged 25 to 44, 19,062 people aged 45 to 64, and 6,623 people who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.
There were 24,160 housing units at an average density of 3,285.7 per square mile, of which 10,658 were owner-occupied, and 12,620 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.6%. 46,665 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 47,643 people lived in rental housing units.
During 2009-2013, South Gate had a median household income of $42,776, with 21.1% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000

As of the 2000 census, there were 96,375 people, 23,213 households, and 20,063 families residing in the city. The population density was 13,084.6 per square mile. There were 24,269 housing units at an average density of 3,294.9 per square mile.
The racial makeup of the city was 41.6% White, 1.2% Black or African-American, 0.9% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian and 51% some other race. 92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 23,213 households, out of which 58.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 18.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.6% were non-families. 10.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.15 and the average family size was 4.37. In the city, the population was spread out, with 35.6% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 14.9% from 45 to 64, and 5.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,695, and the median income for a family was $35,789. Males had a median income of $25,350 versus $19,978 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,602. 19.2% of the population and 17.4% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 24.2% of those under the age of 18 and 12.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Religion

There are approximately 40 churches located in the City representing a variety of religious denominations.
58.08% of the people in South Gate, CA are religious, meaning they affiliate with a religion. 39.99% are Catholic; 6.75% are Protestant; 1.04% are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; 3.33% are another Christian faith; 5.93% in South Gate, CA are Jewish; 0.07% are an eastern faith; 0.98% affiliate with Islam.

Demographics history

South Gate developed during the 1920s and 1930s as an industrial city and its blue-collar community was predominantly non-Hispanic white.
During the 1940s and 1950s, South Gate was one of the most fiercely segregationist cities in Southern California. Gangs of white youths were known to prowl the streets looking for blacks who dared to cross over from neighboring Watts. One of the most infamous clubs of the area at that time was the "Spook Hunters".
Since the 1970s, South Gate has had a large Hispanic community, which became dominant in the 1990s as working-class Hispanics and immigrant Latin American families filled the vacuum left by non-Hispanic whites, leaving for more space in the outer suburbs.

Economy

South Gate was the location of a General Motors automobile manufacturing facility called South Gate Assembly which was built in 1936. Originally built to manufacture Buick, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac vehicles, it was converted to war production after 1940, and was the primary supplier of aircraft engines for the B-24 Liberator, Douglas C-47 Skytrain, and the Douglas C-54 Skymaster, as the Douglas and Consolidated companies has aircraft manufacturing facilities in Long Beach and San Diego. During the 1950s, it was GM's highest producing facility. The plant was closed in 1982 and is now the location of South East High School as of 2005.
As of June 2009, California's EDD lists the unemployment rate in South Gate as 14.4%, with negative job growth. The California State Board of Equalization lists South Gate's sale tax rate as 10.75%. The income per capita is $11,566, which includes all adults and children. The median household income is $41,064.
South Gate's commercial activity is concentrated in the following zones:
As of April 1, 2009, the City of South Gate imposed a 10.25-percent sales tax, which matches Pico Rivera's sales tax rate as the highest in the State of California.
On July 9, 2009, the South Gate City Council held a special meeting where a resolution was adopted declaring a fiscal emergency for the City of South Gate.

Government

In the United States House of Representatives, South Gate is in California's 44th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of D+32 and is represented by.
South Gate is represented in the California State Senate by Democrat Ricardo Lara, and in the California State Assembly by Democrat Anthony Rendon.

Local government

The City Council consists of five persons elected at large by the residents of South Gate. These Council members serve a four-year term and establish the governing policies and procedures for the city. The Mayor is selected on an annual, rotating basis from among the Council Members.

City Clerk

The City Clerk in South Gate is an elected position that serves a four-year term. As the official record keeper for the City, the City Clerk is responsible for maintaining all central and legal files, preparing City Council meeting agendas and minutes, conducting municipal elections and assisting the Los Angeles Registrar-Recorder with voter registration.

City Treasurer

Bernal was elected City Treasurer of South Gate on March 24, 2009.

City Manager

Michael Flad was appointed City Manager by the City Council on December 3, 2012. The City Manager is appointed by the City Council to carry out its policies and ensure that the community is served in a responsive manner. Responsible for oversight of all City operations and the delivery of public services, the City Manager works closely with the City's departments in developing policy recommendations and responding to directives of the City Council.

Political parties

63.10% of the people in South Gate are registered as Democrats, with 35.60% registered as Republican. The remaining 1.30% are independent.

Scandal and corruption

From 2001 to 2003, then-city treasurer Albert Robles, along with three accomplices on the city council, accepted bribes and in turn gave taxpayer dollars to friends and relatives to perform city contracts. The three accomplices formed a majority of the five-member city council, so they could effectively run the city any way they wanted. For example, in 2002, Robles was arrested on felony threat charges but was appointed by the city council to the deputy city manager position and had his legal bills covered by the city. The city council gave themselves a 2000% pay raise, and cut the pay of city clerk Carmen Avalos by 90%, after she complained about corruption and election fraud in the city to the California Secretary of State.
On January 28, 2003, voters recalled Robles along with his political allies, former Mayor Xochitl Ruvalcaba, former Vice Mayor Raul Moriel, and former city councilwoman Maria Benavides.
Robles was convicted of bribery in July 2005. In November 2006 he was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison, ordered to pay the city of South Gate $639,000 in restitution, and was immediately put into custody.
In March 2006, Rudy Navarro, who was elected to replace Albert Robles as city treasurer, was caught making a false statement on his biography as posted on the city's official web site. He claimed that he earned a degree from San Diego State University, when he actually had not completed all the requirements.
South Gate's recent political history has been characterized by political observers and editors as having elements of "Third World politics".

Finances

South Gate was $150 million in debt in 2005. In addition, South Gate has one of the highest state and city taxes in the state of California at 10.75%.
On June 5, 2007, the city reported that it is facing a severe financial crisis.

County representation

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Whittier Health Center in Whittier, serving South Gate.

Infrastructure

Roads

South Gate is served by Metro Local and Metro Rapid buses. The City of South Gate operates the Get Around Town Express to provide local service.

City parks

South Gate offers nine city parks for the enjoyment of its citizens.
Schools located in South Gate include: 21 public and two parochial schools. Adult Education classes are conducted at both the junior and senior high schools. The City is also served by 3 community colleges and 3 California State Universities

Public schools

Most of South Gate is served by the Los Angeles Unified School District public school system. A small section of South Gate is served by the Paramount Unified School District and Downey Unified School District.

Los Angeles Unified School District

LAUSD primary schools
When South East High School opened, within the City of South Gate, the school's attendance boundary took land formerly zoned to South Gate High School, Huntington Park High School, and David Starr Jordan High School.
LAUSD span school
LAUSD continuation high school
Part of South Gate is served by Downey Unified School District.

Private schools

Private primary schools
operates: