Srikakulam district


Srikakulam district is one of the nine districts in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, with its headquarters located at Srikakulam. It is one of the nine coastal districts, located in the extreme northeastern direction of the state. It was formerly known as Chicacole.

History

Prehistory

Evidence of early historic man and his activities during the Stone Age and Iron Age have been discovered at Sangamayya Konda and Dannanapeta. The speciality of Dannanapeta Iron Age megalithic site is a large single capstone as a dolmen with 36 ft in length and 14 ft in width and 2 ft thickness. Sailada Hills consists of 36 upright rocks and natural caves used for habitation by Iron Age man in Amudalavalasa mandal of the district.

Jainism and Buddhism

Evidences of Jain monuments and Buddhist remnants were discovered near Sangamayya Konda. Jain rock beds were discovered at Dannanapeta near Amudalavalasa in the district. Salihundam is a famous Buddhist remnants site on the south bank of River Vamsadhara 5 kilometres west of Kalingapatnam and 18 kilometres from Srikakulam town.

Post Independence

Srikakulam District was carved out in 1950 by bifurcating it from Visakhapatnam District. It remained unaffected in its territorial jurisdiction for some time. But in November 1969 the district lost 63 villages from Saluru Taluk and 44 villages from Bobbili Taluk on account of their transfer to the then newly constituted Gajapathinagaram Taluk of Visakhapatnam District.
In May 1979, the district underwent major territorial changes with the formation of a new district with headquarters at Vizianagaram which involved transfer of Salur, Bobbili, Parvathipuram and Cheepurupalli Taluks to the new district. Srikakulam's culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, music and theatres.

Geography

Srikakulam district occupies an area of, comparatively equivalent to Australia's Melville Island. It is within the geographic coordinates of 18°-20’ and 19°-10’ N and 83°-50’ and 84°-50’ E. The district is skirted to a distance by Kandivalasagedda, Vamsadhara and Bahuda at certain stretches of their courses while a line of heights of the great Eastern Ghats run from the northeast. Vizianagaram district flanks in the south and west while Odisha bounds it on the north and Bay of Bengal on the East. Srikakulam district can be divided into two main distinct natural divisions. A portion of Srikakulam district is plain terrain with intense agriculture and the other is rocky and hilly terrain covered with forests. Some of the Mahendragiri Hills covers Srikakulam district. Most of the forest area of the plain terrain has been damaged by intense agriculture. Kotthuru, Hiramandalam, Pathapatnam, Kalingadal reservoir and some other areas are still covered with dense forests. Srikakulam is north of Visakhapatnam. It has a population of 2,703,114 of which 10.98% is urban as of 2001. Srikakulam district has the longest coastline in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Major rivers flowing through the district are River Nagavali, River Vamsadhara, Mahendratanaya, Champavati, Bahuda, Kumbhikota Gedda, Suvarnamukhi, Vegavati, Gomukhi. The Nagavali and Vamsadhara are the major rivers in Srikakulam district. These two river basins together constitute about 5% of the area. The Mahendratanaya and Bahuda rivers are two minor river basins in the district. Others are Benjigedda, Peddagedda, Kandivalasa gedda. Major irrigation projects on these rivers — Vamsadhara Project, Narayanapuram Anicut, Thotapalli Regulator — and some medium projects at Pydigam Project, Onigadda provide a total ayacut of.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Srikakulam district has a population of 2,703,114, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 147th in India. The district has a population density of. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 6.38%. Srikakulam has a sex ratio of 1014 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 62.3%.

Household indicators

According to 2007–08, International Institute for Population Sciences, 86.9% had access to electricity, 70.4% had drinking water, 18.5% toilet facilities, and 47.2% lived in a pucca home. 31.5% of girls wed before the legal age of 18 and 90.1% of interviewees carried a BPL card.

Divisions

The district has three revenue divisions — Srikakulam, Palakonda and Tekkali. They are divided into 38 mandals in the district. The district has 12 towns and 973 villages. There are one municipal corporation, three municipalities, two nagar panchayats and seven census towns. The municipal corporation in the district is Srikakulam and three municipalities in the district are Amadalavalasa, Ichchapuram, Palasa-Kasibugga, and nagar panchayats of Palakonda, Rajam. The six census towns are Balaga, Hiramandalam, Narasannapeta, Ponduru, Sompeta, Tekkali.

Mandals

The 38 mandals in Srikakulam district under three revenue divisions are listed in the following table:
#Palakonda DivisionSrikakulam DivisionTekkali Division
1BhaminiAmadalavalasaIchchapuram
2HiramandalamBurjaJalumuru
3KotturuEtcherlaKanchili
4MeliaputtiGanguvari SigadamKaviti
5PalakondaGaraKotabommali
6PathapatnamLakshminarasupetaMandasa
7RajamLaveruNandigam
8Regidi AmadalavalasaNarasannapetaPalasa
9SaravakotaPonduruSanthabommali
10SanthakavatiPolakiSompeta
11SeethampetaRanastalamTekkali
12VangaraSarubujjiliVajrapu Kotturu
13VeeraghattamSrikakulam

Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies

There are three Parliamentary Constituencies and 10 assembly constituencies in Srikakulam district. Parliamentary constituencies include Srikakulam, Araku, and Vizianagaram.
The 10 Assembly Constituencies are Amadalavalasa, Rajam, Tekkali, Ichchapuram, Palasa, Narasannapeta, Palakonda, Pathapatnam, Srikakulam and Etcherla.

Economy

The gross district domestic product of the district is and it contributes 3.8% to the gross state domestic product. For FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was. The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute, and respectively.
Tribal communities such as the Saora and Jatapus still practise the traditional podu system of cultivation.
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, a major pharmaceutical company, is at Pydibhimavaram.

Transport

The total road length of state highways in the district is. Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation runs bus services to all the major cities and towns of the state from the district.
Major railway stations in the district include Amudalavalasa, Srikakulam Road railway station, Palasa railway station Naupada, Ichchapuram and Sompeta etc.

Culture

The district is renowned for the brassware products namely, Budithi Bell and Brass Craft, which are made at Budithi village. These are registered as geographic indication from Andhra Pradesh.
The district has many people from fields like film industry, music, art and architecture etc. Among the notable people are Vaddadi Papaiah, J. V. Somayajulu, Gidugu Venkata Ramamoorty, Sarat babu, LV Revanth, Rao Ramesh, Rao gopala Rao, Sai kumar, Pingali Nagendrarao, and Kalipatnam Ramarao.

Sports

, Karnam Malleswari, Pujari Sailaja in weight lifting are famous people from the district.

Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state. As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are 3,875 schools. They include, 55 government, 2,833 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 573 private, 14 model, 32 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya, 85 municipal and 282 other types of schools. The number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district is 371,472.
The only university in the district is Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam and medical colleges are Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences in Srikakulam town, GEMS—Great Eastern Medical Speciality and Hospital in Ragolu village.

Temples

There are six temples under the management of Endowments Department.
S.noTempleMandalVillage
1Sri Kodanda Rama Swamy TempleSRIKAKULAMBALAGA
2Sri Maninageswara Swamy TempleSRIKAKULAMKALLEPALLE
3Sri Kothamma Ammavari TempleKOTABOMMILI KOTABOMMILI
4Sri Kota Durga Ammavari TemplePALAKONDAPALAKONDA
5Sri Neelamani Durga Ammavari TemplePATHAPATNAMPATHAPATNAM
6Sri Yendala Mallikarjuna Swamy TempleTEKKALIRAAVI VALASA