Straight-ticket voting or straight-party voting is the practice of voting for every candidate that a political party has on a general electionballot. In general, straight-ticket voting was a very common occurrence until around the 1960s and 1970s. In the early days of the parties, it was nearly impossible not to vote on a straight-party line vote. Voters would receive a colored ballot with that party's nominees on it. A split-ticket vote would require two different colored ballots, which confused the voter. Often, the voter would choose a specific party, and vote for everyone from that party. Some states have had an option to select "vote straight-ticket Democrat" and "vote straight-ticket Republican" that voters can check instead of voting for each race; states that do so include Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Oklahoma, and South Carolina. West Virginia, Michigan, and Iowa abolished the practice in 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively, though Michigan's repeal was blocked by the federal judiciary until the 2018 elections over discrimination issues, and was reinstated through a ballot proposal that same year. Texas passed its straight-ticket repeal in 2017 to be effective in 2020; Pennsylvania passed its repeal in 2019 to also have effect in 2020, and Utah passed its repeal in 2020 have effect in November that same year. Indiana abolished it for partisan at-large elections in 2016, but retained it for all other partisan races.
Straight-ticket voting in individual states
The straight-ticket voting option differs slightly from state to state.
Michigan
General-election ballots in Michigan have three sections:
The partisan section, which includes candidates for partisan offices;
The non-partisan section, which includes candidates for judgeships, most municipal offices, and school boards; and
The proposals section, which includes state and local ballot issues.
Voters in Michigan had long been able to vote a straight ticket or a split ticket. Straight-ticket voting only involved the partisan section of the ballot, meaning that if an individual wished to vote in a non-partisan race or for or against a proposal, they had to cast those votes individually. One area in which this issue received attention was in races for the Michigan Supreme Court. All parties on the ballot can nominate candidates for Justice of the Supreme Court at their party conventions. However, the races appear on the ballot in the nonpartisan section, meaning that a straight-ticket vote for either of these parties would not include a vote for that party's candidates for Supreme Court. The Michigan Legislature passed and Governor Rick Snyder signed SB 13 on January 5, 2015, which repeals and abolishes straight-ticket voting in the state. This follows failed attempts to abolish it in 1964 and 2001-2002 after voter referenda repealing abolition. With a $5 million appropriation in SB 13, however, a voter referendum is no longer possible due to a constitutional prohibition on referenda on bills appropriating moneys by the Legislature. In 2018, Michigan voters passed a constitutional amendment ballot proposal that restored straight-ticket voting, which went around the prohibition on appropriated money bills.
North Carolina
North Carolina had an option for voting "straight party" that did not include a vote for the President and Vice President of the United States, through the 2012 elections. A voter ID law enacted in 2013 abolished all straight-ticket voting in the state, and went into effect in 2014. The bill eliminating it was HB 589. Under the former system, North Carolina made separate selections for the President/Vice President and the straight-party option. This idiosyncrasy on the North Carolina ballot was described by some as "a ballot flaw," potentially resulting in voters failing to cast a vote for President and Vice President when doing so was their intent. It was introduced in the 1960s to shore up Democrats at the state level as Republicans were gaining strength at the national level. In the 2000 presidential election, there was a 3.15% "undervote" ; in the 2004 presidential election, there was a 2.57% undervote. This means that in raw numbers, more than 92,000 North Carolina voters in the 2000 election turned out to vote but did not vote for president; similarly, in 2004, more than 75,000 North Carolina voters turned out to vote but not vote for president.
Texas
In Texas, a vote for a straight-party ticket casts votes for all party candidates in all races where the party is fielding a candidate and the voter is eligible to cast a vote, from the President/Vice President to the county constable or justice of the peace. On June 1, 2017, Governor Greg Abbottsigned into law House Bill 25, which eliminates the straight-ticket voting option in Texas for all races beginning in 2020. A voter, however, may vote a straight-party ticket and subsequently cast an individual vote in a particular race. This may happen in cases where
the voter's party did not field a candidate in a specific race, and the voter wants to cast a vote in that race for one of the candidates from another party, and/or
the voter does not wish to support the party's candidate in a specific race, but wishes to vote for another candidate in that race. In some Texas counties, an individual vote will not override the straight-party vote: If a voter chooses the straight-party option, then votes for a single candidate from another party, votes for that race will be recorded for both candidates.
Straight-party voting is only available in the general election for partisan elections. It is not available for:
party primary elections
non-partisan races ; even if a slate of candidates is endorsed by a particular group the slate cannot be elected on a single ticket, each candidate must be selected individually.
ballot issues, even if a political party officially endorses or opposes such an amendment.
In those cases where a partisan election is combined with a non-partisan election and/or ballot issues, the voter can vote straight-party in the partisan portion, but then must vote individually in the other portion.
West Virginia
In West Virginia, voting "straight party" included a vote for all candidates of the party voters selected, including the President and Vice President of the United States. Non-partisan candidates had to be voted separately. In 2015, however, straight-ticket voting was eliminated as an option on ballots through an Act of the State Legislature signed by Governor Earl Ray Tomblin, SB 249.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania passed its straight-ticket repeal in 2019. The repeal will go into effect in 2020.
Indiana
Indiana abolished it for at-large elections in 2016, but retained it for all other partisan races.
Others
The Seneca Nation of Indians, which operates under a republican form of government on reservations within the bounds of the state of New York, offers a straight-ticket voting option. To qualify, a political party must field candidates in each seat up for election in a given year. In practice, only the Seneca Party, which has been the dominant party in the nation's politics for decades, has ever received the straight-ticket option. Opponents of the Seneca Party have accused the party of using the straight-ticket option to eavesdrop on voters and punish them with the loss of their jobs if they do not use it, also using the promise of jobs to those running in opposing parties to get them to drop out and deny those parties the straight-ticket option.
