Structures (Boulez)


Structures I and Structures II are two related works for two pianos, composed by the French composer Pierre Boulez.

History

The first book of Structures was begun in early 1951, as Boulez was completing his orchestral work Polyphonie X, and finished in 1952. It consists of three movements, or "chapters", labelled Ia, Ib, and Ic, composed in the order a, c, b. The first of the second book's two "chapters" was composed in 1956, but chapter2 was not written until 1961. The second chapter includes three sets of variable elements, which are to be arranged to make a performing version. A partial premiere of book2 was performed by the composer and Yvonne Loriod at the Wigmore Hall, London, in March 1957. This was Boulez's first appearance in the UK as a performer. The same performers gave the premiere of the complete second book, with two different versions of chapter2, in a chamber-music concert of the Donaueschinger Musiktage on Saturday, 21 October 1961.
's Mode de valeurs et d'intensités highest of three unordered divisions of the mode or, less precisely, "three series forms ...treated as unordered collections," —which Boulez, "the pupil intending to teach the master a lesson," adapted as an ordered series for his Structures Ia
Structures I was the last and most successful of Boulez's works to use the technique of integral serialism , wherein many parameters of a piece's construction are governed by serial principles, rather than only pitch. Boulez devised scales of twelve dynamic levels, twelve durations, and—from the outset—ten modes of attack, each to be used in a manner analogous to a twelve-tone row. The composer explains his purpose in this work:
I wanted to eradicate from my vocabulary absolutely every trace of the conventional, whether it concerned figures and phrases, or development and form; I then wanted gradually, element after element, to win back the various stages of the compositional process, in such a manner that a perfectly new synthesis might arise, a synthesis that would not be corrupted from the very outset by foreign bodies—stylistic reminiscences in particular.

Discography

Book 1