Supai Group


The Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian,, Supai Group, is a slope-forming section of red bed deposits found at the southwest-to-south Colorado Plateau. Cliff-forming interbeds are noticeable throughout the group, as well as the largest cliff-former the topmest member Esplanade Sandstone. The Supai Group is especially exposed throughout the Grand Canyon in northwest Arizona, as well as local regions of southwest Utah. It outcrops southeastwards in Arizona at Chino Point, Sycamore Canyon, and famously at Sedona as parts of Oak Creek Canyon. In the Sedona region, it is overlain by the Hermit Formation, and the colorful Schnebly Hill Formation.
The Supai Group is coeval with the Hermosa Group of east and south Utah; the Hermosa Group extended southeastwards from Utah to Durango, extreme southwest Colorado, and adjacent to the Hermosa type section.

Geology of the 4 member units

The oldest member, the Watahomigi Formation is from sedimentary basins. It is composed of red mudstone, sandstone, and tan limestone. As ocean levels rose, basins filled, and the Manachka Formation was laid down. Continentally aeolian sand became more widespread; the coeval Weber Sandstone was deposited in northeast Utah.
, N. Granite Gorge, Grand Canyon
.
From Middle to Late Pennsylvanian, the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, the northeast spur from Colorado, became the source region for further continental river and stream deposits. Rising sea levels and erosion led to the deposition of the Wescogame Formation, by Late Pennsylvanian time, and in east Utah, ; northeast of the Uncompahgre Uplift, the Weber Sandstone continued deposition.
By Permian time, the Esplanade Sandstone was being laid down in northwest Arizona, and southwest Utah; the coeval Cedar Mesa Sandstone was being deposited in east Utah.

Geologic sequence

The geologic sequences of the coeval Supai and Hermosa Groups.
The Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian geologic sequence of the Supai Group common in the Grand Canyon: The Pennsylvanian is the Late Carboniferous.
The Supai Group members were created from marine sequences of marine transgression, and regression, thus the alternating sandstone, siltsones, conglomerate subsections ; the subsections are not always a continuous transition into the above section, mostly due to ocean levels, falling, or rising, glaciation, or regional subsidence- or uplift of land. Today's Wasatch Front is the approximate lineage, NNE to SSW of the western coast region of North America from where the oceans transgressed. The ancient Antler Mountains-, of ancient Nevada supplied material, from the west, off the 'ancestral' West Coast. The continent supplied material from the east, both directions supplying the offshore basin, the Cordilleran Basin which became part of the Basin and Range Province, in later epochs. Three other basins were involved in this history: southwest of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains was the Paradox Basin-, northeast was the Central Colorado Basin-; the Oquirrh Basin was north-northwest, at present day northwest Utah.

Supai Group and Hermosa Group, coeval units

The coeval Supai and Hermosa Groups, Arizona, Utah, and northwest Colorado:
Because marine transgressions cover distances, over time, the coeval units are separated by distance, and type of deposition material; the local subsidence, or uplift, as well as glaciation, and sea level changes, can cause variations in the deposition sequences of transgression-regressions. The ocean was to the west of the proto-North American continent, but also northwest, or southwest.