Sutherland was founded in 1855 as a church and market town to serve the area's sheep farmers. By 1872 the town had a population of 138 registered citizens living in 19 houses. The large Dutch Reformed church in the centre of Sutherland was built in 1899. During the Anglo Boer Warthe church was used as a fort by garrisoned British soldiers. During the war a number of engagements between British and Boer forces occurred in the town. In one such engagement a force of 250 Boer commandos attacked the local British garrison for 10 hours. The ruins of a fort can be found on the outskirts of town on the hill called Rebelskop. This was named after this engagement.
Economy
Major economic activities include tourism and sheep farming. The area includes at least twelve registered B&B's, guest houses and guest farms. The nearby South African Astronomical Observatory also plays a significant role in the town's economy and is a major driver of tourism to the area. The town also has a number of bars, restaurants and an amateur astronomy observatory that service the tourism sector. Sutherland has recently gained in popularity, with many Capetonians buying property in the town and many more visiting on weekends and vacations.
Sutherland is the coldest town in South Africa, with an average yearly temperature of 11.3 °C and an average annual minimum temperature of 2.8 °C; although the farm Buffelsfontein near Molteno holds the official lowest temperature record in Continental South Africa, of. South African islands have experienced significantly lower temperatures, however, with certain South African islands having sub-Antarctic, highland climates. Snowfall is common in winter, And rainfall ranges from 170mm to 300mm. The coldest temperature recorded in Sutherland was on 12 July 2003. Sutherland has a semi-arid climate. 2017 temperatures and records Additionally the lowest maximum temperatures for days in the respective months were:
Notable residents
Notable residents of Sutherland include:
NP van Wyk Louw, famous Afrikaner poet and elder brother of WEG Louw was born in Sutherland.
WEG Louw, famous Afrikaner poet and younger brother of NP van Wyk Louw was born in Sutherland.