Svetly, Kaliningrad Oblast


Svetly, prior to 1945 known by its German name Zimmerbude, is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Samland Peninsula on the coast of Vistula Lagoon, west of Kaliningrad. Population figures: 21,745 ;

Geography

The town is located on the bank of the Kaliningrad sea shipping channel connecting Kaliningrad with the Baltic Sea.

History

It was founded in 1640 as Zimmerbude and was a part of East Prussia until 1945. In 1947, it was renamed Svetly. Town status was granted to it in 1955.
The first mention of its predecessor settlement dates back to the 15th-century Tsimmerbude chronicle German knight of the Order. But earlier, in Fishhauzen manuscript 1305 and, mention of the peninsula Payziev, by which in the first half of the 13th century German knights invaded the land Prussians. No filed ramparts of the castle once stood here "Royal Manor fishing", erected in the middle of the 15th century and belonged Samland first bishop. After the confiscation of church property to the estate passed into the possession of Oswald von Taubenhaym, which belonged to the most illustrious nobility and owned Zemland Tsimmerbude until 1661 as well.
In 1669 at the manor was given to the former tutor of King Frederick I Ebenhard Dankelman background as a reward.
In about 1720 and Tsimmerbude included, along with 16 plots of land, 12 peasants and about the same number of fishermen whose main occupation was fishing, mainly for their own needs.
After the castle ceased to exist for a long time villagers eked out a miserable existence of subsistence by fishing. Apart from a few acidified meadows they had no land, and therefore almost never held cattle. Their home were extremely cramped and dirty, smoke coming out of the centers through kamyshoyve roof sagged and a thick layer of soot on the walls through the kitchen. Long winter evenings in the huts burning torch, making the faces of the inhabitants were constantly black. Clothes spun, wove, and sewed himself. This adds another life flood, which were repeated from year to year.
Religion occupied an important role in village life: conducting religious rites, services, etc. For a long time there was no Tsimmerbude in his church and the village belonged to the parish church Medena. But because of bad roads to visit the church in Medena villagers could only a few times in my life, there was baptized children, married, went on the biggest holidays in good weather. The rest of the strongly expressed religious feelings of people meet as a church sermons, which were held in the school building. And from April 1, 1901 and Tsimmerbude with neighboring villages and Payziev Nepleken 1500 residents formed their own church community and bought a small church, which two years earlier Medena built in Tsimmerbude as its branch.
In the 1920s Tsimmerbude built a new school and even before World War II Tsimmerbude was a pretty busy, though small village. Here was his shop, restaurant, bakery. And was hotel entitled "Valdshloskhen" translated "Forest castle house". Was also its church. Number of pre-war inhabitants Tsimmerbude was 742 people.
During World War II directly to the modern city of Bright military action did not pass. War for Tsimmerbude ended in April 1945 and, leaving extensive damage.
In 1947, Tsimmerbude was renamed to Svetly. June 17, 1947 and decreeth Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR as part of the Primorsky district was formed with the Countryside Council center in the village Svetly that decision Kaliningrad Oblast Executive Committee for the number 758 of 1 August 1949 and was converted into a working village Svetly. October 6, 1955 and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the working village was transformed into a Svetly, town Svetly district subordination, which since the 2008 and the center of the municipality "Svetlovsky Borough".

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with ten rural localities, incorporated as the town of oblast significance of Svetly—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Svetly is incorporated as Svetlovsky Urban Okrug.

Climate

The climate is influenced by the prevailing air mass with Atlantic Ocean to the mainland and is characterized as a transition to the sea with mild winters with little snow, relatively cold spring, moderately warm summers and warm wet autumn. Average annual air temperature -. The annual temperature range can reach large sizes - from + in July - August to in January - February.
The average temperature in January -. There are 86 days per year with frost. Severe frosts are rare. The warmest period - the month of July, when the average temperature is. In general, unstable weather patterns and is associated mainly with a predominance of marine air masses with high repeatability accompanying Cyclones.
Moist air masses coming from the Atlantic Ocean, cause high relative humidity, which is winter and fall 85-87 %, decreasing by early summer to 72-73 %. High humidity and a large cloudy significantly affect the features of the Svetly regime.
During the year, is celebrated around 150 overcast and only 30 clear days. In an average year recorded 74 days with fogs, mainly fogs in winter. They are accompanied by drizzle, rain and snow. And annual rainfall of up to of rainfall, most of them in the warmer months. The maximum is in the month of August - up to, at least - in February - March. In the winter months falls only 8-10% of annual precipitation. Snow depth is small -.
The study area generally refers to the area of active wind activity. The wind regime is characterized by a predominance of winds south, western areas with a repeatability of 35%, as well as the southern and south -eastern areas with a repeatability of 23%. The average annual wind speed is. Has the highest rate of wind. In winter, its average speed is. The number of days with strong winds at speeds exceeding up to 10–15 days.

Economy

The station is located in svetly Baltic Forest Kaliningrad railway. The station belongs to a dead-end branch branched from the railway line Kaliningrad - Baltiysk. Svetly is not served by passenger trains.
Distance to Kaliningrad -, airport Hrabrovo -.

Sights

Svetly is twinned with: