TNF receptor superfamily


The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily is a protein superfamily of cytokine receptors characterized by the ability to bind tumor necrosis factors via an extracellular cysteine-rich domain. With the exception of nerve growth factor, all TNFs are homologous to the archetypal TNF-alpha. In their active form, the majority of TNF receptors form trimeric complexes in the plasma membrane. Accordingly, most TNF receptors contain transmembrane domains, although some can be cleaved into soluble forms, and some lack a TMD entirely. In addition, most TNF receptors require specific adaptor protein such as TRADD, TRAF, RIP and FADD for downstream signalling. TNF receptors are primarily involved in apoptosis and inflammation, but they can also take part in other signal transduction pathways, such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation. TNF receptors are expressed in a wide variety of tissues in mammals, especially in leukocytes.
The term death receptor refers to those members of the TNF receptor superfamily that contain a death domain, such as TNFR1, Fas receptor, DR4 and DR5. They were named after the fact that they seemed to play an important role in apoptosis, although they are now known to play other roles as well.
In the strict sense, the term TNF receptor is often used to refer to the archetypal members of the superfamily, namely TNFR1 and TNFR2, which recognize TNF-alpha.

Members

There are 27 family members, numerically classified as TNFRSF#, where # denotes the member number, sometimes followed a letter.
TypeProtein SynonymsGeneLigand
1Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 CD120aTNF-alpha
1Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 CD120bTNF-alpha
3Lymphotoxin beta receptor CD18Lymphotoxin beta
4OX40 CD134OX40L
5CD40 Bp50CD154
6Fas receptor Apo-1, CD95FasL
6Decoy receptor 3 TR6, M68FasL, LIGHT, TL1A
7CD27 S152, Tp55CD70, Siva
8CD30 Ki-1, TNR8CD153
94-1BB CD1374-1BB ligand
10Death receptor 4 TRAILR1, Apo-2, CD261TRAIL
10Death receptor 5 TRAILR2, CD262TRAIL
10Decoy receptor 1 TRAILR3, LIT, TRID, CD263TRAIL
10Decoy receptor 2 TRAILR4, TRUNDD, CD264TRAIL
11RANK CD265RANKL
11Osteoprotegerin OCIF, TR1RANKL
12TWEAK receptor Fn14, CD266TWEAK
13TACI IGAD2, CD267APRIL, BAFF, CAMLG
13BAFF receptor CD268BAFF
14Herpesvirus entry mediator ATAR, TR2, CD270LIGHT
16Nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR, CD271NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4
17B-cell maturation antigen TNFRSF13A, CD269BAFF
18Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related AITR, CD357GITR ligand
19TROY TAJ, TRADEunknown
21Death receptor 6 CD358unknown
25Death receptor 3 Apo-3, TRAMP, LARD, WS-1TL1A
27Ectodysplasin A2 receptor XEDAREDA-A2