In July 1984, amateur paleontologist Kurt Wiedenroth discovered a fragmentary pterosaur skeleton in the clay pit of Engelbostel at the southern edge of the city of Hannover. In 1990, Rupert Wild described the find as a new species of Ornithocheirus: Ornithocheirus wiedenrothi. The specific name honours Wiedenroth as discoverer. Wild considered the skeleton to lie evolutionary between Ornithocheirus compressirostris and Ornithocheirus giganteus. O. compressirostris was at the time seen as the type species of Ornithocheirus, but it was meanwhile shown that the correct type species is O. simus. The holotype, SMNS 56628, was found in rocks of the Stadthagen Formation dating from the earliest Hauterivian, about 132 million years old. It consists of a partial skeleton with lower jaws. It contains the front and the rear of the symphysis of the lower jaws, a right articular, a rib piece, the distal ends of a left radius and ulna, the proximal and distal end of a left third metacarpal and a piece of a phalanx, probably the first of the left third finger. The fossil is part of the collection of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. It is the most complete pterosaur specimen from the Cretaceous of Germany. In their study of 2010, Fletcher & Salisbury argued for O. wiedenrothi to be an ornithocheirid closely related to then unnamed Aussiedraco and another pterosaur specimen from the Cretaceous of Australia. In 2013, Ford reported it to be a species of Lonchodectes. In a study of the same year, Rodrigues & Kellner concluded that it was no Ornithocheirus and also not part of their newly erected genusLonchodraco. In 2019, Abel et al. argued it to be potential new genus of lonchodectids. Later in 2019, Pêgas et al. assigned O. wiedenrothi as type species of Targaryendraco. The generic name combines a reference to the House Targaryen with a Latindraco, "dragon". Targaryen is the name of the family from the fantasy novel seriesA Song of Ice and Fire, who famously use dragons as their mounts. The authors chose the name because the now black-coloured bones of the fossil resemble the dragons in the novels.
Description
In 2019, the describing authors abstained from giving a size estimate, in view of the fragmentary nature of the fossil. They estimated the wingspan of the most closely related species at. They indicated a single distinguishing trait. It is an autapomorphy, a unique derived character. The symphysis of the lower jaws has at the midline of its front an odontoid, or tooth-like, process, formed by a confluence of the side ridges of the occlusal groove, in the top surface of the joint dentaries.
Phylogeny
In 2019, Targaryendraco was placed within the Lanceodontia in an entirely new clade called Targaryendraconia, and was more precisely a member of the family Targaryendraconidae. In the latter clade it formed a polytomy with Aussiedraco and Barbosania. Below is a cladogram following Pêgas et al.. In the analysis, they placed Targaryendraco in the clade Targaryendraconia as the sister taxon of Aussiedraco and Barbosania, within the more inclusive group Ornithocheirae.
