Tasman District is a large area at the western corner of the north end of the South Island of New Zealand. It covers 9,786 square kilometres and is bounded on the west by the Matiri Ranges, Tasman Mountains and the Tasman Sea. To the north Tasman and Golden Bays form its seaward edge, and the eastern boundary extends to the edge of Nelson city, and includes part of the Spencer Mountains and the Saint Arnaud and Richmond Ranges. The Victoria Ranges form Tasman's southern boundary and the district's highest point is Mount Franklin, at 2,340 metres. The landscape is diverse, from large mountainous areas to valleys and plains, and is sliced by such major rivers as the Buller, Motueka, Aorere, Tākaka and Wairoa. The limestone-rich area around Mount Owen and Mount Arthur is notable for its extensive cave networks, among them New Zealand's deepest caves at Ellis Basin and Nettlebed. There is abundant bush and bird life, golden sand beaches, the unique 40-kilometre sands of Farewell Spit, and good fishing in the bays and rivers. These assets make the district a popular destination for tourists. Tasman is home to three national parks: Abel Tasman National Park, Nelson Lakes National Park and Kahurangi National Park. The Maruia Falls, southwest of Murchison were created by the 1929 Murchison earthquake when a slip blocked the original channel.
Economy
The sub-national GDP of the Nelson region was estimated at US$2.343 billion in 2003, 2% of New Zealand's national GDP.
Name
, the largest indentation in the north coast of the South Island, was named after Dutch seafarer, explorer and merchant Abel Tasman. He was the first European to discover New Zealand on 13 December 1642 while on an expedition for the Dutch East India Company. Tasman Bay passed the name on to the adjoining district, which was formed in 1989 largely from the merger of Waimea and Golden Bay counties.
Government and settlements
headquarters are at Richmond, close to the adjoining Nelson City, which is further north. The head of local government is the mayor. Community Boards exist to serve outlying areas in Motueka and Golden Bay. Other towns include the following: Golden Bay Ward:
According to tradition, the MāoriwakaUruao, brought ancestors of the Waitaha people to Tasman in the 12th Century. Archaeological evidence suggests the first Māori settlers explored the region thoroughly, settling mainly along the coast where there was ample food. The succession of tribes into the area suggests considerable warfare interrupted their lives. Around 1828, Ngati Toa under Te Rauparaha and the allied northern tribes of Ngati Rarua and Ngati Tama, started their invasion of the South Island. They took over much of the area from Farewell Spit to the Wairau River. The first immigrant ships from England arrived in Nelson in 1842 and the European settlement of the region began under the leadership of Captain Arthur Wakefield. In the 1850s, agriculture and pastoral farming started and villages were established on the Waimea Plains and Motueka. In 1856, the discovery of gold near Collingwood sparked New Zealand's first gold rush. Significant reserves of iron ore were located at Onekaka, where an iron works operated during the 1920s and 1930s. Fruit growing started at the end of the 19th Century. By 1945, it was making a significant contribution to the local economy and that importance continues today. The district council website says Tasman is also New Zealand's main hop growing area.
People
Tasman District's estimated resident population is representing % of New Zealand's population. Most of Tasman's urban population lives in the Richmond Ward. Tasman Region had a population of 52,389 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 5,232 people since the 2013 census, and an increase of 7,764 people since the 2006 census. There were 19,545 households. There were 26,028 males and 26,361 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female. Of the total population, 9,534 people were aged up to 15 years, 7,626 were 15 to 29, 24,258 were 30 to 64, and 10,974 were 65 or older. Figures may not add up to the total due to rounding. Ethnicities were 92.6% European/Pākehā, 8.7% Māori, 1.6% Pacific peoples, 2.8% Asian, and 2.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 18.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people objected to giving their religion, 58.7% had no religion, 30.2% were Christian, and 3.3% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 7,479 people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 8,394 people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $28,800. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 20,061 people were employed full-time, 7,623 were part-time, and 1,038 were unemployed. The main iwi represented in the wider Tasman region are Ngati Rarua, Ngati Tama, Te Atiawa, Ngati Koata, Ngati Kuia and the Poutini Ngāi Tahu. In Tasman District, German is the second most-spoken language after English, whereas in the rest of New Zealand Māori is the second most-spoken language. Famous former residents include the "father of nuclear physics" Sir Ernest Rutherford, former Prime Ministers Bill Rowling and Sir Keith Holyoake, and Sir Michael Myers, Chief Justice of New Zealand 1929-1946.
