Technology transfer in computer science


Technology transfer in computer science refers to the transfer of technology developed in computer science or applied computing research, from universities and governments to the private sector. These technologies may be abstract, such as algorithms and data structures, or concrete, such as open source software packages.

Examples

Notable examples of technology transfer in computer science include:
Year of transferTechnology
Field		Originally developed atTransfer methodCommercialised atPatentedUsed by
c. 1964BASICProgramming languagesDartmouth CollegeFreewareComputer manufacturers and othersNoNumerous BASIC dialects
1974
1992 		The InternetComputer networking
The Internet		Advanced Research Projects AgencyRFC
1992 law permitting commercial interconnection		Numerous companiesNoMillions of web sites and other internet properties
1981KMSHypertextCarnegie Mellon UniversitySpin-outKnowledge SystemsNo?
1984MATLABProgramming languages
Scientific computing
Numerical computing		University of New MexicoIncorporation and rewriteMathWorksNo
Yes 		Millions of users
c. 1985HyperTIESHypertextUniversity of MarylandLicensingCognetics Corporation?Union Carbide, Hewlett-Packard, others
1990
1994 		World Wide WebHypertext
World Wide Web		CERNUnfettered use
Consortium 		Netscape and othersNoMillions of web sites
1991GopherComputer networking
The Internet
Information retrieval		University of MinnesotaRFC
Freeware		Numerous companiesNoNumerous Gopher sites
1998PageRankInformation retrieval
World Wide Web
Algorithms		Stanford UniversitySpin-outGoogleYesGoogle Search
2004
2011 		ScalaProgramming languages
Object-oriented programming		École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneOpen sourceTypesafe Inc. and others?Play, Akka and others
2013CRDTsDistributed computingINRIA and others?Basho TechnologiesNoRiak