Tenome


Tenome is a Japanese yōkai that appeared in the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō by Toriyama Sekien.

Concept

They appear as a zatō with both eyes not on the face, but on the palm of each hand. There is no explanatory text in the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō so there are no details that can be known from it.
In the yōkai emaki, the Tenpō period Hyakki Yagyō Emaki of the Matsui Library in Yatsuhiro, Kumamoto Prefecture, is the label teme-bōzu for a yōkai thought to have been inspired by Sekien's "tenome." The "Bakemonozukushi" also has a depiction of something that appears to be of the same design as Sekien's tenome. Both these examples have no explanatory text in the emaki so there are no details that can be known from them either. Also, Inui Yūhei depicted a yōkai called the "tenome" in an old illustrated manuscript currently owned by the Shisui Library where it was introduced with the words "are taru kusamura nado ni amatsuchi no seisei ni te shiyazu to ifu", there is the setsuwa titled "Bakemono ni Hone wo Nukareshi Hito no Koto" illustrated with a yōkai that had an eye on each hand, and this monster is thought to have been designed based on Sekien's "tenome". This story goes as follows. Once, a man went on a trial of guts to the graveyeard at Shichijogawara in Kyoto when a monster who appeared to be an old person around 80 years in age came after him, and this monster had eyeballs on each palm of the hand. The man fled into a nearby temple and after he made the monk there let him conceal himself in a nagamochi, the monster chased after him, whereupon there was a sound like that of a dog sucking a bone, and after that it finally disappeared. It is said that when the monk opened up the nagamochi, the man was found to have all the bones in his body removed, his body reduced to just skin.
According to the Iwate no Yōkai Monogatari by Yoshio Fujisawa, in a certain legend told in the Iwate Prefecture, there is the following tale about the tenome. A certain traveler was walking along the plains at night when a blind person approached. This blind person had an eyeball on each palm of the hand, and these eyes seemed to be looking for something. The traveler ran away out of surprise, and rushed into an inn. After telling the owner of the inn what had happened, the owner answered that in a certain place a few days ago, a blind person was killed and robbed by a scoundrel, and the blind person wanted to have at least one look at the face of those scoundrels, if not with regular eyes, at least with eyes on the hands, and this grievence led the blind person to become a "tenome" yōkai, and similarly in Echigo, it is said that a tenome had appeared after a blind man was killed.
The yōkai researcher Katsumi Tada gives the interpretation that these drawings of the yōkai "tenome" and others are a word play on the phrase "bake no kawa ga hageru". The scene of eyes on a raised hand would represent the famous expression "teme o ageru" meaning to reveal one's tricks and ruses, and a bonze's head would mean both "hageru" and the phrase "bōzu ni naru". He explains that the background of the "tenome" in the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō has a moon and a field of susuki, so the whole drawing is telling a joke with the moon indicating the bōzu card in hanafuda and the susuki being a reference to the kotowaza phrase "yūrei no shōtai mitari kare-obana", an expression about being so paranoid that anything, even withered obana, might seem like ghosts.

Kurayami me

As a yōkai similar to the tenome, there is the "kurayami me" written about in the yōkai explanatory book Yōkai Majin Seirei no Sekai by Norio Yamada. It states that these have eyes on the front of each knee, and they can easily walk around in the dark but often bump into things in the daytime.

In popular culture