Teuthonista


Teuthonista is a phonetic transcription system used predominantly for the transcription of German dialects. It is very similar to other Central European transcription systems from the early 20th century. The base characters are mostly based on the Latin alphabet, which can be modified by various diacritics.

History

The name Teuthonista goes back to the Journal Teuthonista, in which the transcription system was presented in 1924/25.

Symbols

Most of the characters derive from the Latin or Greek alphabet, and from earlier systems such as Dania. The consonants are primarily mono-phonemic symbols. Fine nuances in articulation can be distinguished by diacritics. Vowels are distinguished with a more extensive system of diacritics. To describe the various dialectal sounds of the German letter "e", for example, the system uses the letter "e" with trémas, upstrokes, tildes and ogoneks, separately and in combination. It is possible to write more than 500 different variants of the letter "e". There are a number of Teuthonista systems that use different base letters and diacritics, and the characters they have in common do not have defined values between systems.
In Reichel, the basic vowel letters are a e i o u. Vowels are stacked for an intermediate articulation. Reduced vowels are ɪ ʊ ə α.
Lenis and fortis consonants are paired: b p, d t, k g. For fricatives they are:
BilabialLabio-
dental		DentalPost-
alveolar		PalatalVelar
Lenisβvsšꭓꭗx
Fortiswfʃʃ̌

As in the IPA and extIPA, diacritics may doubled for greater degree and placed in parentheses for a lesser degree. For example, ẹ, ę are a close and open e, while e̤, e᷎᷎ are a closer and more open e, and ẹ᪽, ę᪽ are only slightly raised and lowered e. Similarly, ë and ẽ are rounded and nasalized e, while ë̈, ẽ̃ are extra-rounded and extra-nasalized e and ë᪻, ẽ᪻ are slightly rounded and nasalized e. Parentheses around a double diacritic, such as ë̈᪻, mean the degree of modification is intermediate between that indicated by a single and a double diacritic.

Usage

The Teuthonista phonetic transcription system is used by the following projects:

Lexicons