Whiteclay has been active as a Nebraska border post selling alcohol to Oglala Sioux at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation since the buffer zone was removed in 1904 by executive order of President Theodore Roosevelt. In 1999, after the murders of two young Lakota men at Whiteclay, Oglala Sioux Tribe and supporting groups, such as Nebraskans for Peace, protested publicly for the state to do something about controlling or shutting down beer sales in the town. They also asked for the county to provide increased law enforcement in the hamlet, which is 22 miles from the seat of rural Sheridan County, Nebraska. The county sheriff had limited resources to patrol the town. Duane Martin, Sr. and others of the Strong Heart Society of the Oglala Sioux had a blockade within reservation boundaries of the road to Whiteclay in protest. In 2003 activists including Russell Means, Frank LaMere, Duane Martin, Sr. and members of Nebraskans for Peace staged a protest and education conference in Lincoln, Nebraska in coordination with state officials to publicize the crisis in Whiteclay as a humanitarian issue. In 2005 the Nebraska Attorney General Jon Bruning and Congressman Tom Osborne proposed a collaborative policing scheme: they had secured federal grant money by which the OST could hire more police, who would be deputized by Nebraska to operate in and around Whiteclay, so that the OST would have more control over policing there. Cecilia Fire Thunder, the first woman elected chief of the OST, and the tribal council approved the proposal in June 2005. By May 2007, it appeared as if the OST would lose the $200,000 federal grant to support the extra policing, as it had taken no action to hire police or organize for the program. Tribal officials declined to comment on the matter; at the time, Vasina stated that there was internal tribal conflict over the proposed deputization program, for a variety of reasons. He expressed satisfaction that Nebraska's politicians had "displayed a real commitment to seeing something would be done," but called the arrangement an ineffective approach to the matter that allowed the state to avoid its responsibility for the situation. Vasina started working on the documentary to show the OST's efforts to shut down the liquor stores. He ended up working on the film for five years.
Related activism
In 2006 and 2007, activists at Pine Ridge planned to blockade the road leading into the reservation from Whiteclay, to confiscate beer being brought in illegally. The Chief of PoliceJames Twiss encouraged other efforts. Some successful prosecutions of bootleggers have been made by the US Attorney in South Dakota. In 2009, the Nebraska legislature authorized another study of Whiteclay and the issues; representatives visited the area. The legislature passed bills for increased law enforcement and economic development in Whiteclay, as well as increased treatment for health care for the OST. In December 2010, Sheridan County received a $10,000 grant from the Nebraska state government to cover the additional costs to increase Sheridan County police patrols at Whiteclay. Judi, head of the Nebraska Indian Commission, said she believed it was a sign of "hope and change" for improving conditions at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. In February 2012, the Oglala Sioux Tribe filed suit against the beer stores of Whiteclay, beer distributors who served them, and major national beer manufacturing companies; the suit sought damages for health and social costs allegedly arising from their promoting of alcohol sales at Whiteclay.
