Thomas C. Lea III
Thomas Calloway "Tom" Lea III was an American muralist, illustrator, artist, war correspondent, novelist, and historian.
The bulk of his art and literary works were about Texas, north-central Mexico, and his World War II experience in the South Pacific and Asia. Two of his most popular novels, The Brave Bulls and The Wonderful Country, are widely considered to be classics of southwestern American literature.
Early life and education
Lea was born on July 11, 1907 in El Paso, Texas, to Thomas Calloway Lea Jr. and Zola May. From 1915 to 1917, his father was mayor of El Paso and as mayor. His father made a public declaration that he would arrest Pancho Villa if he dared enter El Paso, after on March 9, 1916 when Villa raided Columbus, New Mexico. Villa then responded by offering a thousand pesos gold bounty on Lea. For six months Tom and his brother Joe had to have a police escort to and from school, and there was a 24-hour guard on the house.He graduated from El Paso High School in 1924. From 1924 to 1926 he attended the Art Institute of Chicago and then apprenticed and assisted John W. Norton, a Chicago muralist, from 1927 to 1932.
In 1927, he wed Nancy June Taylor, a fellow art student. In 1930 Norton suggested that Tom take an art tour of Europe to study the masters. He and Nancy went to Paris and saw an exhibit of Eugène Delacroix at the Louvre, and Delacroix was his "favorite". Next they traveled to Florence, Orvieto, Rome, Capri. Then, after a four-month tour, it was back to Le Havre to catch the SS Ile de France.
After the tour of Italy they moved to Santa Fe to be with other artists and be in the Southwest. When Nancy became ill they moved to El Paso, and Lea found work from the Federal Art Project for the Works Progress Administration, which during the Great Depression hired artists, and in Lea's case to paint murals in government buildings.
Career
Lea won the United States Department of the Treasury competition for a mural commission in the United State Post Office Department Building in Washington, D.C., called The Nesters. His other murals included the post offices in Odessa, Texas, Pleasant Hill, Missouri, and Seymour, Texas. In 1936, his wife, grandmother, and his mother, all died in that year.In 1937 he started doing illustration work, and this led to a partnership with a friend of his father, author J. Frank Dobie. Dobie wrote about the rough life of settling the Texas frontier and Lea's illustrations are mostly of cowboys and the wild Texas landscapes. While painting a mural in El Paso Federal Courthouse, he met and married his second wife, Sarah Catherine Beane, in July 1938. Sarah had come from Monticello, Illinois, to El Paso to visit friends. Sarah had a son, James, from a previous marriage whom Lea adopted. While painting his courthouse mural, Lea also met artist José Cisneros and they were able to connect as friends and business contacts. That same year his started his lifelong partnership with Carl Hertzog, an El Paso book designer and typographer. 1937–1938 would prove to be the antithesis of 1936, providing Lea with three lifelong partners and friends.
In 1940 he applied for and won Rosenwald Fellowship, but by the end of the summer of 1941, he got a telegram from LIFE asking him to go to sea with the United States Navy on a North Atlantic Patrol. In the fall of 1941, he decided to paint for LIFE as war artist and correspondent aboard a destroyer. He traveled all over the world with the United States military from 1941 to 1945. This included: China, Great Britain, Italy, India, North Africa, North Atlantic, the Middle East, and the Western Pacific. He went on deployment with the aircraft carrier USS Hornet in the Pacific Ocean in 1942, where he met the famous Army Air Corps pilot Jimmy Doolittle. Lea was on board the Hornet when the USS Wasp was sunk by torpedoes from a Japanese submarine. He painted several pictures of the sinking of the Wasp. In 1943, during his visit to China, he met Theodore H. White, and he painted the portraits of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and his wife, Soong Mei-ling; the head of the "Flying Tigers", and General Claire Lee Chennault.
But, it was his time in the western Pacific in 1944 as a combat correspondent with the United States 1st Marine Division during the invasion of the tiny island of Peleliu that he would really make a name for himself among the readers of LIFE. "My work there consisted of trying to keep from getting killed and trying to memorize what I saw and felt," Lea says. His vivid, realistic, images of the beach landing, and Battle of Peleliu, would impact both readers and himself. The Price and That 2,000 Yard Stare would become among his most famous works.
In 1947 Lea finished a graphite sketch on kraft paper of his wife called Study for Sarah in the Summertime. He had started the sketch two years earlier, about six months after he got home from the war. The life size work was based on a photograph, taken of Sarah in the backyard of their home at 1520 Raynolds Boulevard in El Paso, that he had carried in his wallet throughout the war. An oil painting, Sarah in the Summertime, was then done from the sketch. He spent longer on this combined work than any other painting.
After finishing his last novel, The Hands of Cantu in 1964, Lea traveled to Boston to meet with his publishers, Little, Brown and Company. He told them that he wasn't interested in another novel, so they suggested a book about his pictures. This 1968 work, A Picture Gallery, was his "autobiography", writing of why and when he did his paintings. Working on A Picture Gallery would lead him to once again focus on painting and turn away from working on literature. Right before finishing this work, Baylor University paid tribute to his writing by bestowing him, and his long-time friend Carl Hertzog, with an honorary doctorate's in literature.
in Austin, TexasHe died on 29 January 2001 in El Paso, Texas at the age of 93.
Awards
Lifetime achievement
- 1967: Honorary doctorate – Baylor University
- 1970: Honorary doctorate – Southern Methodist University
- 1971: Distinguished Public Service Award – United States Navy
- 1975: Hall of Honor – El Paso County Historical Society
- 1981: Lon Tinkle Award – Texas Institute of Letters
- 1990: Ima Hogg Historical Achievement Award
- ____: Colonel John W. Thomason Jr. Award for Artistic Achievement – United States Marine Corps
- 1995: Hall of Great Westerners – National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
- 2007: Tom Lea Centennial Celebration – United States Congress
- *____: S. Res. 267 – U.S. Senate July 2007 as "Tom Lea Month"
- *____: H. Res. 519 – U.S. House of Representatives
Art
Literature
- 1992: Owen Wister Award – Western Writers of America
Art works
Public murals
State of Texas Centennial Commission, Federal Art Project for the Works Progress Administration and Public Works of Art Project for the United States Department of the Treasury.- "Illinois Heritage Series" – Calumet Park Field House, Chicago, Illinois, 1927–28
- South Park Commission Building, Gage Park, Chicago, Illinois, 1931
- Hall of State, Texas State Fair Grounds, Dallas, Texas, 1935
- The Nesters, – Ariel Rios Federal Building, 1937, mural
- Pass of the North, – El Paso Federal Courthouse, 1938, oil on canvas
- Back Home: April 1865, – U.S. Post Office – Pleasant Hill, Missouri, 1939, oil on canvas
- Stampede, – U.S. Post Office – Odessa, Texas, 1940, oil on canvas
- Comanches, – U.S. Post Office – Seymour, Texas, 1942, oil on canvas
- Conquistadors, – New Mexico State University, College Library, Mesilla Park, New Mexico
- Southwest, – El Paso Public Library, El Paso, Texas, 1954,
Paintings
- That 2,000 Yard Stare, – United States Army Center of Military History, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., – 1944, oil on canvas
- Rio Grande, – Oval Office – White House, Washington D.C., – 1954, oil on canvas
- Southwest, Study for, – American Art Museum, Smithsonian, Washington, D.C., – 1956. Oil on canvas, 10 × 32 in.
Major exhibitions
- 1948: Dallas Museum of Art – Dallas, Texas, – "Drawings and Illustrations"
- 1948: Dallas Museum of Art – Dallas, Texas, – "Paintings/Western Beef Cattle"
- 1961: Fort Worth Art Center – Fort Worth, Texas
- 1963: El Paso Museum of Art – El Paso, Texas
- 1969: Institute of Texan Cultures – San Antonio, Texas
- 1971: El Paso Museum of Art – El Paso, Texas
- 1994: El Paso Museum of Art – El Paso, Texas
- 2015: Bullock Texas State History Museum – Austin, Texas
- 2015: National Museum of the Pacific War – Fredericksburg, Texas
- 2016: National WWII Museum – New Orleans, Louisiana
Permanent collections
- Austin, Texas:
- * The Tom Lea Collections – Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin,
- * Blanton Museum of Art
- Dallas, Texas:
- * Dallas Museum of Art
- El Paso, Texas:
- * Tom Lea Gallery – El Paso Museum of Art
- * Tom Lea Papers – University Library—Special Collections at the University of Texas at El Paso
- * Tom Lea – Adair Margo Gallery
- * Tom Lea – El Paso County Historical Society
- Laramie, Wyoming:
- * University of Wyoming Art Museum
- Santa Fe, New Mexico:
- * New Mexico Museum of Art
Works by
Illustrative works
- 1939: Dobie, J. Frank. – Apache Gold and Yaqui Silver. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company. –
- 1941: Dobie, J. Frank. – The Longhorns. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company. –
- 1946: Calendar of Twelve Travelers through the Pass of the North. – El Paso: Carl Hertzog. –
Non-fiction works with illustrations
- 1945: Peleliu Landing. – El Paso: Carl Hertzog. –
- 1949: Bullfight Manual for Spectators. – Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: Plaza de Toros. –
- 1957: The King Ranch. – with Richard King. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company. –
- 1968: Tom Lea, A Picture Gallery: Paintings and Drawings. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company. –
- 1974: In the Crucible of the Sun. – Kingsville, Texas: King Ranch. –
- 1998: Battle Stations: A Grizzly from the Coral Sea, Peleliu Landing. – Dallas: Still Point Press. –
Fiction works with illustrations
- 1949: The Brave Bulls, A Novel. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company. –
- 1952: The Wonderful Country, A Novel. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company. –
- 1960: The Primal Yoke, A Novel. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company. –
- 1964: The Hands of Cantú. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company. –
Works about
- Lea, Tom, and the Fort Worth Art Center,. – Tom Lea. – Fort Worth, Texas: Fort Worth Art Center. –
- Lea, Tom, Rebecca McDowell Craver and Adair Margo,. – Tom Lea: An Oral History. – El Paso, Texas: Texas Western Press. –
- Lea, Tom, and Kathleen G Hjerter,. – The Art of Tom Lea. – College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University Press. –
- Lea, Tom, and Brendan M Greeley,. – The Two Thousand Yard Stare: Tom Lea's World War II. – College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. –
Magazine articles
- In 2007, Texas author Lou Halsell Rodenberger received the Stirrup Award for best article in Roundup, a publication of Western Writers of America, for her article entitled "Tom Lea, Novelist: The Eyes of an Artist, the Ears of a Writer."