Three-torus model of the universe
The three-Torus model is a cosmological model proposed in 1984 by Alexei Starobinsky and Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich at the Landau Institute in Moscow. The theory describes the shape of the universe as a three-dimensional torus.The cosmic microwave background was discovered by Bell Labs in 1964. Greater understanding of the universe's CMB provided greater understanding of the universe's topology. In order to understand these CMB results, NASA supported development of two exploratory satellites, the Cosmic Background Explorer in 1989 and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe in 2001.
