Threefold Training
identified the threefold training as training in:
- higher virtue
- higher mind
- higher wisdom
In the Pali Canon
In the Anguttara Nikaya, training in "higher virtue" includes following the Patimokkha, training in "higher mind" includes entering and dwelling in the four jhanas, and training in "higher wisdom" includes directly perceiving the Four Noble Truths or knowledge of destruction of the taints.
In several canonical discourses, a more "gradual" instruction is provided to receptive lay people. This latter instruction culminates in the teaching of the Four Noble Truths which in itself concludes with the Noble Eightfold Path, the constituents of which can be mapped to this threefold training.
Similarity to threefold partition of the Noble Eightfold Path
The Buddha's threefold training is similar to the threefold grouping of the Noble Eightfold Path articulated by Bhikkhuni Dhammadinna in Culavedalla Sutta : virtue, concentration, wisdom. These three-part schemes simplify and organize the Eightfold Path as follows:Threefold Partition | Eightfold Path | Method of Practice |
VIRTUE | Right Speech | Five Precepts |
VIRTUE | Right Action | Five Precepts |
VIRTUE | Right Livelihood | Five Precepts |
MIND | Right Effort | Dwelling in the four jhanas |
MIND | Right Mindfulness | Dwelling in the four jhanas |
MIND | Right Concentration | Dwelling in the four jhanas |
WISDOM | Right View | Knowing Four Noble Truths |
WISDOM | Right Intention | Knowing Four Noble Truths |
Mahayana
The threefold training is also part of the bodhisattva path of the Mahayana. Nagarjuna refers to it in his Letter to a Friend, verse 53:"One should always train in superior disciple
Superior wisdom and superior mind "