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Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions
Timeline of
states of matter
and
phase transitions
1895 –
Pierre Curie
discovers that induced magnetization is proportional to
magnetic field strength
1911 –
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
discloses his research on
superconductivity
1912 –
Peter Debye
derives the T-cubed law for the
low temperature
heat capacity
of a nonmetallic solid
1925 –
Ernst Ising
presents the solution to the one-dimensional
Ising model
1928 –
Felix Bloch
applies
quantum mechanics
to
electrons in crystal lattices
, establishing the quantum
theory of
solids
1929 –
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
and
Werner Karl Heisenberg
develop the
quantum theory
of
ferromagnetism
1932 –
Louis Eugène Félix Néel
discovers
antiferromagnetism
1933 –
Walther Meissner
and
Robert Ochsenfeld
discover
perfect superconducting
diamagnetism
1933–1937 –
Lev Davidovich Landau
develops the
Landau theory
of phase transitions
1937 –
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
and
John Frank Allen
discover superfluidity
1941 –
Lev Davidovich
Landau explains superfluidity
1942 –
Hannes Alfvén
predicts
magnetohydrodynamic
waves in plasmas
1944 –
Lars Onsager
publishes the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model
1957 –
John Bardeen
,
Leon Cooper
, and
Robert Schrieffer
develop the
BCS theory
of superconductivity
End of the 50s
– Lev Davidovich Landau develops the theory of
Fermi liquid
1959 –
Philip Warren Anderson
predicts
localization
in disordered systems
1972 –
Douglas Osheroff
, Robert C. Richardson, and
David Lee
discover that helium-3 can become a
superfluid
1974 –
Kenneth G
. Wilson develops the
renormalization group
technique for treating phase transitions
1980 –
Klaus von Klitzing
discovers the
quantum Hall effect
1982 – Horst L. Stoermer and Daniel C. Tsui discover the
fractional quantum Hall effect
1983 – Robert B. Laughlin explains the fractional quantum
Hall effect
1987 –
Karl Alexander Müller
and
Georg Bednorz
discover high
critical temperature
ceramic superconductors
2000 –
CERN
announced
quark-gluon plasma
, a new
phase of matter
.