Tiwaz was the Luwian Sun-god. He was among the most important gods of the Luwians.
Name
The name of the Proto-Anatolian Sun god can be reconstructed as *Diuod-, which derives from the Proto-Indo-European word *dei-. This name is cognate with the Greek Zeus, Latin Jupiter, and Norse Tyr. While Tiwaz retained a promenant role in the pantheon, the Hittite cognate deity, was largely eclipsed by the Sun goddess of Arinna, becoming a god of the day, especially the day of death. In Luwian cuneiform of the Bronze Age, his name appears as Tiwad-. It can also be written with the SumerogramdUTU. In Hieroglyphic Luwian of the Iron Age, the name can be written as Tiwad- of with the ideogram SOL Tiwaz rarely appears in personal names. The oldest example derives from 19th century BCKültepe, a person called "Tiwatia". The hieroglyphic Luwian name is the root of the Pamphylian town of Aspendos. The local name of the town, according to the legends on its coins was Estwedi-. Unlike other Luwian gods' names, Tiwaz is not attested in southern Anatolian personal names of the Hellenistic period. A Lyican women's name, Tewidarma and a Lydian patronym, Tiwdalis, are derived from Tiwaz. The name also appears in ḪUR.SAGTiwatašša, the Hittite name for a mountain located somewhere in southwestern Anatolia.
Role
Tiwaz was the descendant of the male sky god of the Indo-European religion, Dyeus, who was superseded among the Hittites by the HattianSun goddess of Arinna. In Bronze Age texts, Tiwaz is often referred to as "Father" and once as "Great Tiwaz", and invoked along with the "Father gods". His Bronze Age epithet, "Tiwaz of the Oath", indicates that he was an oath-god. In this role he received sacrifices of sheep, red meat and bread. The Luwian verb tiwadani- is derived from Tiwaz's name. According to Hittite sources, Tiwaz and Kamrušepa were the parents of the tutelary god of. Like Kamrušepa, Tiwaz is closely associated with sheep. The god Hapantali, who worked with Kamrušepa in purification rituals, looked after his sheep in the myth of Telipinu. His followers include the, who generally appear in bad situations.
In the Hittite and Hurrian religions the Sun goddess of the Earth played an important role in the death cult and was understood to be the ruler of the world of the dead. For the Luwians there is a Bronze Age source which refers to the "Sun god of the Earth" : "If he is alive, may Tiwaz release him, if he is dead, may the Sun god of the Earth release him".
Depiction
There are no known Bronze Age depictions of the Luwian Sun god. There are two reliefs from the Iron Age, which show Tiwaz with the moon god Arma. He is marked out by a winged sun above his head. The image from Arslantepe closely resembles the depiction of the Sun god from the Hittite sanctuary at Yazılıkaya.
