Tokyo subway
The Tokyo subway is a part of the extensive rapid transit system that consists of Tokyo Metro and the Toei Subway in the Greater Tokyo area of Japan. While the subway system itself is largely within the city center, the lines extend far out via extensive through services onto suburban railway lines.
Networks
There are two primary subway operators in Tokyo:- Tokyo Metro – Formerly the Teito Rapid Transit Authority, it was privatized in 2004. It currently operates 179 stations on nine lines and of route.
- Toei Subway – run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, an agency of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. It operates 99 stations on four lines and of route.
In addition, but not formally designated as subways:
- The Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations, and 200,200 daily passengers in 2010.
- The Saitama Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations.
- The Tōyō Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line, operates a single underground/elevated line with nine stations.
- The Yamanote Line is not a subway line, but a surface commuter loop line which operates with metro-like frequencies. It is owned by JR East. It acts as a key transportation artery in central Tokyo, and is often marked on Tokyo subway maps.
History
- 1915: Japan's first underground railway opened under Tokyo Station. It was only for the railway post office, not for passengers.
- 1927: Tokyo Underground Railway Co., Ltd. opened Japan's first underground line of the subway Ginza Line on December 30, 1927, and publicized as "the first underground railway in the Orient." The distance of the line was only 2.2 km between Ueno and Asakusa.
- 1938: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway Co., Ltd. opened its subway system between Aoyama 6-chome and Toranomon.
- 1939: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway extended its line from Toranomon to Shimbashi, and started an reciprocal operation with Tokyo Underground Railway.
- 1941: During World War II, the two subway companies merged under the name Teito Rapid Transit Authority by the local government.
- 1954: The Marunouchi Line, the first subway line after World War II, opened between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu.
- 1960: Toei Subway Line 1, present-day Toei Asakusa Line, opened between Oshiage and Asakusa.
- 1991: The Tokyo Metro Namboku Line opens.
- 1995: On March 20, the Tokyo subway sarin attack occurred on the Marunouchi, Hibiya, and Chiyoda Lines during the morning rush hour. Over 5,000 people were injured and 13 people were killed. All three lines ceased operation for the whole day.
- 2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority was privatized and renamed Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
- 2008: The Fukutoshin Line opened.
System administration
- For single rides across Metro and Toei systems, a special transfer ticket is required. It costs 70 yen less than the sum of the Metro fare and the Toei fare, calculated based on the shortest possible route between the origin and destination stations. The Passnet system simplified such ticketing problems, by allowing one stored-fare card to be used on most of the rail operators in the Greater Tokyo Area. The new Pasmo system was introduced in 2007 and completely replaced the Passnet in 2008, finally allowing for one unified stored fare system for most of the Tokyo transit system, including JR East. The fare charged by the stored fare system may be slightly less than for users of paper tickets, as fares are calculated in ¥1 increments on stored fare cards whereas paper tickets are calculated at ¥10 increments.
- The systems represent the metro network differently in station, train, and customer information diagrams. For example, the represents the Toei Ōedo Line as a circle in the centre, whereas the saves the central ring line for the Marunouchi Line and the JR Yamanote Line. As well, each system's lines are generally rendered with thicker lines on their respective system maps.
Reciprocal operation
Tokyo Metro
Toei Subway
Line | Through Lines | |
Asakusa Line | Keikyu Kurihama Line and Keikyu Airport Line both via the Keikyu Main Line | |
Asakusa Line | Keisei Oshiage Line, Keisei Main Line, Hokuso Railway Line, Keisei Higashi-Narita Line and Shibayama Railway Line | |
Mita Line | Tokyu Meguro Line | |
Shinjuku Line | Keio New Line and Keio Sagamihara Line both via the Keiō Line |