The Top League is a rugby union competition in Japan. It is the highest level of professional rugby competition in the country. The Japan Rugby Football Union created the competition in 2003, by absorbing the Japan Company Rugby Football Championship, to drive up the overall standard and popularity of the sport and improve the results of the Japan national rugby union team. The chief architect of the league was Hiroaki Shukuzawa who strongly felt the urgency of improving Japanese domestic company rugby to a professional level which would allow Japan to compete more convincingly at Rugby World Cups. It is an industrial league, where many players are employees of their company and the teams are all owned by major companies. The competition is known for paying high salaries, however, only the world class foreign players and a small number of Japanese players play fully professional, which means most of the players still play in an amateur level. The first season in 2003–04 featured 12 teams. The league was expanded to 14 teams in 2006–07 and 16 teams in 2013–14. The Top League is played during the off-season of the Super Rugby, Therefore, many full-time foreign professionals from Southern Hemisphere countries have played in the Top League, notably Tony Brown, George Gregan and Dan Carter. In the 2010s, salaries in the Top League have risen to become some of the highest in the rugby world; in 2012, South Africa'sJaque Fourie, now with Kobelco Steelers, was widely reported to be the world's highest-paid player.
Developments
2014–15: Playoff tournament sponsored as the Lixil Cup.
2014–15: Video referee decisions introduced for all league games.
2013–14: The league was expanded from 14 to 16 teams.
2009–10: One of the three foreign players allowed on the field must have played, or be eligible, for Japan.
2008–09: Three foreign players per team are allowed on the field at one time, one more than previously. Additionally, one member of an Asian union is permitted to take the field for each team.
2008–09: Video referee decisions were introduced for the Microsoft Cup play-off tournament.
2007–08: A timekeeping system independent of the referee was introduced.
2006–07: The league was expanded from 12 to 14 teams.
Related competitions
A second tier Top League Challenge Series was also introduced in 2003. Between 2003–04 and 2016–17, teams from three regional leagues would qualify to this post-season competition, in which they could either win promotion to the next season's Top League, or qualify to promotion play-off matches. In 2017, a second-tier Top Challenge League was introduced, to operate in a league format above the regional leagues. The regional leagues are:
:ja:トップイーストリーグ|Top East League, administered by the Japan East Rugby Football Union
:ja:トップウェスト|Top West League, administered by the Kansai Rugby Football Union
:ja:トップキュウシュウ|Top Kyūshū League, administered by the Kyūshū Rugby Football Union
The top 4 sides of the regular season competed in the 2012 Top League Champions Cup knock-out tournament for the Top League title at Chichibu, Tokyo. Suntory defeated Sanyo 47–28 in the final to win the title. Both teams met again a few weeks later in the final of the 49th All-Japan Rugby Football Championship. Additionally, in the Wildcard play-offs, the Top League teams ranked 5th and 8th played each other at Hanazono, Osaka, as did the teams ranked 6th and 7th, with the winners also qualifying for the All-Japan Rugby Football Championship.
Eighth season (2010–11)
and Kyuden Voltex were automatically relegated at the completion of the 2009–10 season for finishing 13th and 14th. Toyota Industries Shuttles and NTT Communications Shining Arcs won promotion through the Top Challenge series. The following teams were in the league:
Coca-Cola West Red Sparks
Fukuoka Sanix Blues
Kintetsu Liners
Kobelco Steelers
Kubota Spears
NEC Green Rockets
NTT Communications Shining Arcs
Ricoh Black Rams
Sanyo Wild Knights
Suntory Sungoliath
Toshiba Brave Lupus
Toyota Verblitz
Toyota Industries Shuttles
Yamaha Jubilo
The top 4 sides from the regular season competed in a knock out tournament to fight for the Top League title. In the final, Sanyo defeated Suntory 28–23.
Seventh season (2009–10)
IBM Big Blue and Yokogawa Atlastars were automatically relegated at the completion of the 2008–9 season for finishing 13th and 14th. Ricoh and Honda won promotion through the Top Challenge series. Kyuden and Sanix retained their places in Top League when they won their respective promotion and relegation play-offs. The following teams were in the league:
and Mitsubishi Sagamihara DynaBoars joined the league for the first time. The following 14 teams were in the Top League in the 2007–08 season:
Coca-Cola West Red Sparks
Fukuoka Sanix Blues
IBM Big Blue
Kobelco Steelers
Kubota Spears
Kyuden Voltex
Mitsubishi Sagamihara DynaBoars
NEC Green Rockets
Ricoh Black Rams
Sanyo Wild Knights
Suntory Sungoliath
Toshiba Brave Lupus
Toyota Verblitz
Yamaha Jubilo
The top four teams played in the fifth Microsoft Cup to decide the league champion. Suntory beat Sanyo 14–10 in the final to become the 2007–08 champions. Mitsubishi and Ricoh were automatically relegated.
Fourth season (2006–7)
The number of teams was increased from 12 to 14. Coca-Cola West Red Sparks became the second Kyushu-based team in the Top League. IBM returned to the league.
The top four teams in the league played in the Microsoft Cup which was officially integrated into the league from this season as the "Top League Play-off Tournament Microsoft Cup". Toshiba won the cup and also won the All-Japan Championship. Secom and World were automatically relegated, to be replaced by Kyuden Voltex, the third team from Kyushu to enter the league, and Mitsubishi Sagamihara DynaBoars from Kanto.
Twelve teams 2003 to 2006
Third season (2005–6)
After the pre-season 2005 Challenge series, Secom and Sanix returned after a year out of the league, replacing Kintetsu and IBM. The following 12 teams competed in the third season:
Toshiba again won both the league round-robin and the Microsoft Cup knockout competition contested by the top 8 teams after the regular season. Coca-Cola West Japan gained promotion to the League at the end of the season. IBM also gained promotion to return to the league.
Second season (2004–5)
Following the 2004 Challenge series with IBM and Toyota being promoted, the following 12 teams competed in the second season:
Toshiba won both the league round-robin and the Microsoft Cup knockout competition contested by the top 8 teams after the regular season. The eleventh and twelfth teams were automatically relegated, and the ninth and tenth placed teams had to win their 2005 promotion and relegation play-offs to stay in the Top League, which they did.
First season (2003–4)
The first season began with 12 teams:
Fukuoka Sanix Blues
Kintetsu Liners
Kobelco Steelers
Kubota Spears
NEC Green Rockets
Ricoh Black Rams
Sanyo Wild Knights
Secom Rugguts
Suntory Sungoliath
Toshiba Brave Lupus
World Fighting Bull
Yamaha Jubilo
Toshiba won the inaugural Top League title by finishing on top of the round-robin competition. The top eight teams qualified for the inaugural Microsoft Cup. Toshiba went on to lose the final of Microsoft Cup to NEC, but the cup was considered a separate competition to the Top League prior to 2007. Secom and Sanix were relegated at the end of the season. IBM and Toyota were promoted.
Champions
;Notes
Notable foreign players
The following foreign players that have played in the Top League have either won or been nominated for a major IRB award, played in a Rugby World Cup, played for a combined-nations touring side, or captained their national team.