Topologically stratified space


In topology, a branch of mathematics, a topologically stratified space is a space X that has been decomposed into pieces called strata; these strata are manifolds and are required to fit together in a certain way. Topologically stratified spaces provide a purely topological setting for the study of singularities analogous to the more differential-geometric theory of Whitney. They were introduced by René Thom, who showed that every Whitney stratified space was also a topologically stratified space, with the same strata. Another proof was given by John Mather in 1970, inspired by Thom's proof.
Basic examples of stratified spaces include manifolds with boundary and manifolds with corners.

Definition

The definition is inductive on the dimension of X. An n-dimensional topological stratification of X is a filtration
of X by closed subspaces such that for each i and for each point x of
there exists a neighborhood
of x in X, a compact -dimensional stratified space L, and a filtration-preserving homeomorphism
Here is the open cone on L.
If X is a topologically stratified space, the i-dimensional stratum of X is the space
Connected components of Xi \ Xi-1 are also frequently called strata.

Examples

One of the original motivations for stratified spaces were decomposing singular spaces into smooth chunks. For example, given a singular variety, there is a naturally defined subvariety,, which is the singular locus. This may not be a smooth variety, so taking the iterated singularity locus will eventually give a natural stratification. A simple algebreogeometric example is the singular hypersurface
where is the prime spectrum.