Torpenhow Hill


Torpenhow Hill is an alleged hill in Cumbria whose claim to fame is that its name is supposed to be a quadruple tautology, though it is better described as a triple tautology. While there is a village called Torpenhow, the supposed "Torpenhow Hill" is a ghost word, used as an extreme example of the tendency of tautological placename etymologies
Tor, pen, and how were said to all mean "hill" in different languages, so that a literal translation of "Torpenhow Hill" would be "Hill-hill-hill Hill", in an extreme example of a multilingual tautological placename.
It was used as a convenient example for the nature of loanword adoption by Thomas Comber in c. 1880.
The idea apparently goes back to Denton who noted that Torpenhow Hall and church, which presumably formed the nucleus of the settlement, stand on a 'rising topped hill', which he assumed might have been the source of the name of the village. The current village of Torpenhow is on the side of a hill rather than at the top.
Modern etymological reference works interpret the name of Torpenhow indeed as derived from the three elements mentioned, but tor+penn is not interpreted as a tautology, but rather as expressing the idea of "top or breast of a hill", to which howe was added in a tautology.