Trans-Andean railways


The Trans-Andean railways provide rail transport over the Andes. Several are either planned, built, defunct, or waiting to be restored. They are listed here in order from north to south.

Colombian Railways

Much of Ecuador's Trans-Andean Railway has been rendered useless by natural disasters. Torrential rains from the 1982-83 and 1997-98 El Niño caused massive landslides that damaged the railway line. The network is operated by Empresa de Ferrocarriles Ecuatorianos. Only three sections remain operational: a segment connecting Quito and Cotopaxi National Park, a stretch between Ibarra and Primer Paso, and the mountainous five-hour, excursion from Riobamba to Sibambe.

Peru

Although wholly within Peru, the Ferrocarril Central Andino running inland from Callao and Lima crosses the Andes watershed at Galera en route to La Oroya and Huancayo. From here the route is extended by the Ferrocarril Huancayo - Huancavelica. In July 2006 FCCA began work to regauge the Huancavelica line from to . There was also a proposal for a tunnel under the Andes.
The Ferrocarriles del Sur del Perú, now operated by PeruRail, runs from the coast at Matarani to Cuzco, and to Puno on Lake Titicaca from where steamers and train ferries have been run connecting with Guaqui in Bolivia.

Proposed Bolivia-Chile Trans-Andean railway

Empresa Nacional de Ferrocarriles - ENFE, operator of the National Railways of Bolivia, and consultant Hagler Bailly, United States, have signed a contract to undertake an economic feasibility study into the proposed $US 1 billion 338 km Aiquile-Santa Cruz Railway. The line would connect the Eastern Railway network with the Andean Railway network, and effectively create a new trans-Andean railway from Pacific Ocean ports in Chile to the port of Santos in Brazil.
Other Bolivia-Chile railways:
In 2014, proposals were advanced by ProInversión for the above railway.
The Huaytiquina railway is a single gauge linking Salta, Argentina, to Antofagasta, Chile. The Tren a las Nubes is a touristic service running for on the Argentinian side.

Transandine Railway

The central Transandine Railway from Valparaíso, Chile, to Mendoza, Argentina is defunct, pending reconstruction. While Chile and large parts of Argentina both use the same gauge, the connecting Ferrocarril Trasandino Los Andes - Mendoza used a narrow gauge of with rack railway sections. Thus there are two break-of-gauge stations, one at Los Andes, Chile and the other at Mendoza.
In 2009, a deal was signed to build a, single gauge, base tunnel connecting Chile and Argentina.

South Trans-Andean railway