Translative case


The translative case is a grammatical case that indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of "becoming X" or "change to X".
In Finnish, it is the counterpart of the essive case, with the basic meaning of a change of state. It is also used for expressing "in ", "considering it is a " and "by ". Its ending is -ksi:
Examples in Estonian, where the ending is -ks:
In Estonian, translative can also express a temporary or random state. E.g. while a nominative construction would indicate working in a job or profession, as olen koolis õpetaja "I'm a teacher in a school", a similar sentence using translative olen koolis õpetajaks "I work as a teacher in a school" hints at it either being a temporary position, the speaker not being fully qualified, or some other factor of impermanency.
In Hungarian, the ending is -vá / -vé after a vowel; it assimilates to the final consonant otherwise: