Starting in the late 1800s mining industry set up around Searles Dry Lake to mineborax. Trona was officially established in 1913, as a self-contained company town, wholly operated by its resident mining company to house employees. Employees were paid in company scrip instead of cash. The mining company also built a library, a scrip-accepting for-profit grocery store, a school, basic housing, and minimal recreation facilities. The Trona Railway was built in 1913–14 to provide the town with a rail connection to the Southern Pacific line at Searles. The railway still operates today. Economic booms and busts followed. Its most notable boom occurred during World War I, when Trona was the only reliable American source of potash, an important element used in the production of gunpowder. Today, Searles Valley Minerals Inc.'s soda ash processing plant remains the largest firm in town. Other operations nearby include evaporative salt extraction from the dry lake bed's surface, and a lime quarry. Searles Valley Minerals is the largest employer in Trona, and many employees live in Ridgecrest, California, commuting daily to Trona. Trona also serves as the headquarters and base of operations for the Trona Railway, a short-line railroad. Since its heyday, Trona's population has decreased. Based on 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data, Redlands-based geographic information systems firm Esri estimates Trona had 1,883 residents in 2010 and 1,904 residents in 2015, down from a peak of about 6,000 several decades prior. Esri predicts a small rise in population to 1,941 in 2020.
Geography
The same collection of geologic forces which created the Searles Valley where Trona sits also created the natural resource of Searles Dry Lake, which contains rich deposits of chemicals, including dozens of minerals. Located a few miles to the south are the Trona Pinnacles, an unusual landscape consisting of more than 500 tufa spires, some as high as 140 feet, rising from the bed of the Searles Lake basin. Trona is a seismically active area, and was heavily affected by the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes. Trona is located in the Eastern California Shear Zone, a seismically active zone that accommodates up to 25% of the fault movement between the Pacific and North American plates.
Climate
Trona has an arid climate with cool winters and hot summers. Average January temperatures are a maximum of and a minimum of. Average July temperatures are a maximum of and a minimum of. There are an average of 140.1 days with highs of or higher and an average of 45.3 days with lows of or lower. The record high temperature was on August 13, 1933; July 25, 1943; May 27, 1951; and June 29, 1956. The record low temperature was on December 23, 1990. Average annual precipitation is and there are an average of 18 days annually with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1941 with and the driest year was 1953 with. The most precipitation in one month was in January 1995. The most precipitation in 24 hours was on August 15, 1984. Snowfall is very rare in Trona, averaging only, but there was in January 1974.
Education
K-12 public education is provided through the Trona Joint Unified School District. The California Department of Education indicates that 255 students were enrolled in the district's schools during the 2015-16 academic year, down from 576 students in 1996-97. Trona Joint Unified School District operates two schools: Trona Elementary School and Trona High School. There is no junior high or middle school; instead, the high school houses 7th and 8th grades in addition to the traditional 9th through 12th grades. Course offerings at Trona High are supplemented by online classes offered by California State University, Dominguez Hills and Cerro Coso Community College in Ridgecrest, California. 95 students were enrolled at Trona High during the 2014-15 school year and its sports teams compete as the Tornadoes. The school's football field, known as "The Pit," has received national attention from The New York Times, Good Morning America, and the Los Angeles Times as the only dirt American football field in the United States — the region’s heat and salty soil make upkeep of a grassy field nearly impossible. Barrow High School in Alaska previously had a dirt field as well, but it was replaced with blue Astroturf in 2007. Trona high school will be closed for a year to repair damage done by a earthquake.
In popular culture
A number of Hollywood films have been shot in the surrounding desert, including and Planet of the Apes. In the 21st century, the town itself served as the setting for three films, Trona, Just Add Water and Lost Lake.
