Many turf mazes in England were named Troy Town, Troy-town or variations on that theme presumably because, in popular legend, the walls of the city of Troy were constructed in such a confusing and complex way that any enemy who entered them would be unable to find his way out. Welsh hilltop turf mazes were called "Caerdroia", which can be translated as "City of Troy". W. H. Matthews, in his Mazes and Labyrinths, gives the name as "Troy-town". More recent writers prefer "Troy Town". The name "Troy" has been associated with labyrinths from ancient times. An Etruscanterracotta wine-jar from Tragliatella, Italy, shows a seven-ring labyrinth marked with the wordTRUIA. To its left, two armed soldiers appear to be riding out of the labyrinth on horseback, while on the right two couples are shown copulating. The vase dates from about 630 BC. The ancient Roman equestrian event known as the "Troy Game", which involved riding in maze-like patterns, has sometimes been linked to this vase.
Historic "Troy" turf mazes in England
Of the eight surviving historic turf mazes in England, three have "Troy" names. "The City of Troy" is a small but well-maintained roadside maze near the small villages of Dalby, Brandsby, and Skewsby, not far from Sheriff Hutton in the Howardian Hills of North Yorkshire. "Troy", a beautiful maze in a private garden at Troy Farm, Somerton, Oxfordshire is rather larger, and "Troy Town" maze on St Agnes, the Isles of Scilly, is a small maze of turf and small stones and is reputed to have been laid down in 1729 by the son of a local lighthouse keeper. All three follow the classical labyrinth pattern rather than the medieval variation. It is not known when the first two of these turf mazes were originally constructed, however, the turf was re-cut at Dalby in 1900 due to road damage.
Surviving examples
Roadside near Dalby, North Yorkshire: "The Walls of Troy"
Troy Farm, Somerton, near Banbury, Oxfordshire: "Troy"
Troy Town, St. Agnes, Isles of Scilly: "Troy Town"
Lost examples
"Troy-town" near Dorchester, Dorset. Although the maze is lost, the place name Troy Town still survives here.
There are also similar labyrinths in northern continental Europe. Their paths are outlined with stones. Stone-lined labyrinths such as these have proved slightly easier to date than turf mazes. The stone labyrinths around the Baltic coast have been dated to between the 13th century and modern times, with a peak in the 16th and 17th centuries. There were once many hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of these labyrinths around the Baltic Sea, throughout Fennoscandia and the Baltic countries, and many of them still survive, particularly in remote areas. There are also similar stone labyrinths in the Kola Peninsula and coasts and islands of the White Sea, such as Stone labyrinths of Bolshoi Zayatsky Island. For some reason these northern labyrinths are almost all close to the sea. Some have suggested that they were markings of seafarers, perhaps even used for navigation. Many of the stone labyrinths around the Baltic coast of Sweden were built by fishermen during rough weather and were believed to entrap evil spirits, the "smågubbar" or "little people" who brought bad luck. The fishermen would walk to the centre of the labyrinth, enticing the spirits to follow them, and then run out and put to sea. Several similar classical-type labyrinths in Scandinavia have names such as Trojaborg, Trojaburg, Trojborg, Tröborg and Trojienborg, which can all be translated as "City of Troy". In Finland such labyrinths are called Jatulintarha or jättiläisen tie. In Finland they have also been called by the names of notable biblical places, such as Jerusalem, and walking through the maze was regarded as a symbolic pilgrimage to the place it was named after. In Finland's Swedish speaking coastal areas the labyrinths are called jungfrudans or "maiden's dance".
