There are several differences in pronunciation between Standard and Tunisian Arabic. Nunation does not exist in Tunisian Arabic, and short vowels are frequently omitted, especially if they would occur as the final element of an open syllable, which was probably encouraged by the Berber substratum. However, there are some more specific characteristics related to Tunisian Arabic like the phenomenon of metathesis.
Metathesis
Metathesis is the shift of the position of the first vowel of the word. It occurs when the unconjugated verb or unsuffixed noun begins with CCVC, where C is an ungeminated consonant and V is a short vowel. When a suffix is added to this kind of noun or when the verb is conjugated, the first vowel changes of position and the verb or noun begins with CVCC. For example:
wrote in Tunisian Arabic becomes كتب ktib and wrote in Tunisian Arabic becomes كتبت kitbit.
some stuff in Tunisian Arabic becomes دبش dbaš and my stuff in Tunisian Arabic becomes دبشي dabšī.
Stress
Stress is not phonologically distinctive and is determined by the word's syllable structure. Hence,
it falls on the ultimate syllable if it is doubly closed: سروال sirwāl.
Stress falls on all the word if there is only one syllable within it: مرا mṛa.
Affixes are treated as part of the word: نكتبولكم niktbūlkum.
For example:
جابت jābit.
ما جابتش mā jābitš.
Assimilation
Assimilation is a phonological process in Tunisian Arabic. The possible assimilations are:
Tunisian Arabic qāf has and as reflexes in respectively sedentary and nomadic varieties: he said is instead of ). However, some words have the same form whatever the dialect: cow is always , and a specific species of date is always . Interdental fricatives are also maintained for several situations, except in the Sahil dialect. Furthermore, Tunisian Arabic merged with . Phonetic notes:
/p/ and /v/ are found in borrowed words and are usually replaced by /b/, like in ḅāḅūr and ḅāla. However, they are preserved in some words, like pīsīn and talvza.
/t͡ʃ/ and /d͡z/ are rarely used, for example tšīša, dzīṛa and dzāyir.
Like in Standard Arabic, shadda "gemination" is very likely to occur in Tunisian. For example, haddad هدد meaning to threaten.
Vowels
Unlike other Maghrebi dialects, short u and i are reduced to and when written between two consonants unless when they are in stressed syllables.
As well as those characteristics, Tunisian Arabic is also known for differently pronouncing words according to their orthography and position within a text. This phenomenon is known as pronunciation simplification and has four rules:
and , at the end of a word, are pronounced and . Also, is pronounced and . , and are pronounced . For example, yībdā is practically pronounced as
If a word finishes with a vowel and the next word begins with a short vowel, the short vowel and the space between the two words are not pronounced.
