Turckheim


Turckheim is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It lies west of Colmar, on the eastern slopes of the Vosges mountains.

History

Archeological finds indicate the area was already inhabited during the time of Ancient Rome. When the Germanic tribes invaded and crossed the Rhine, the Thuringii settled here, and possibly gave their name to the town: first Thorencohaime, then Thuringheim. During the High Middle Ages Thuringheim is listed as belonging in part to the abbey of Munster, an din part to the manor of Haut-Landsberg, centered in Kientzheim.
Turckheim became a free imperial city in 1312, and in 1315 the construction of ramparts was begun, which are still in good condition. It had city rights and market rights already in 1354, and from 1354 to 1679 Turckheim was part of the Décapole, a league of ten free imperial cities of the Holy Roman Empire. After the Peace of Westphalia, Turckheim and the other Alsatian towns refused to swear allegiance to the French king.
During the Franco-Dutch War, the village of Turckheim was taken by French armies led by Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne, who subsequently defeated armies of Austria and Brandenburg in what became known as the Battle of Turckheim. Features of the village of Turckheim, especially the gates, help identify the town in a fan currently in the Fan Museum in Greenwich, England. In 1678, with the signing of the Treaties of Nijmegen, the French king assumed control over Turckheim.
In 1871, at the end of the Franco-Prussian War, the town, with the rest of the Alsace, became part of the German Empire; in 1918, it reverted to France again.
Turckheim is one of only a few remaining towns in France with a municipal night watchman, who makes the rounds at 10PM between 1 May and 31 October, and on three Saturdays preceding Christmas. Maintained for touristic reason, the position commemorates a 13th-c event in which the night watchman prevented a fire.

Notable residents