Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic


The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic located in Soviet Central Asia.
During the Russian Empire, the Turkestan ASSR's territory was governed as Turkestan Krai, the Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva. From 1905, Pan-Turkist ideologues like Ismail Gasprinski aimed to suppress differences among the peoples who spoke Turkic languages, uniting them into one government.
This idea was supported by Vladimir Lenin, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks in Tashkent created the Turkestan ASSR. But in February 1918, the Islamic Council and the Council of Intelligentsia met in Kokand city and declared a rival Turkestan Autonomous Republic, battling Bolshevik forces until the 1920s as part of the conservative Basmachi rebellion.
The Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic was officially proclaimed on April 30, 1918.
In the late 1917, the TSFR was cut off from the RSFSR by the revolt of the Orenburg Cossacks, but held out, despite being surrounded by hostile states, until the arrival of the Red Army in September 1919 after the Counteroffensive of Eastern Front.
Meanwhile, a power struggle among the Communists ensued between those favoring a Pan-Turkist government like Turar Ryskulov and Tursun Khojaev, and those in favor of dividing Soviet Turkestan into smaller ethnic or regional units, such as Fayzulla Khodzhayev and Akmal Ikramov. The latter group won, as national delimitation in Central Asia began in 1924. Upon dissolution, the Turkestan ASSR was split into Turkmen SSR, Uzbek SSR with the Tajik ASSR, Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast, and Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast.
DateName
30 April 1918Autonomous Turkestan Republic Of The Russian Socialist Soviet Federation
24 September 1920Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
30 December 1922Turkestan A.S.S.R. part of Soviet Union
27 October 1924Dissolved

Turksovnarkom

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars.
Initial dateFinal dateName
15 November 1917November 1918Fyodor Kolesov
November 191819 January 1919Vladislav Figelskiy
19 January 191931 March 1919Post vacant
31 March 191912 September 1919Karp Sorokin
12 September 1919March 1920Turksovnarkom defunct
March 1920May 1920Jānis Rudzutaks
May 1920September 1920Isidor Lubimov
19 September 1920October 1922Kaikhaziz Atabayev
October 192212 January 1924Turar Ryskulov
12 January 192427 October 1924Sharustam Islamov