Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic located in Soviet Central Asia.
During the Russian Empire, the Turkestan ASSR's territory was governed as Turkestan Krai, the Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva. From 1905, Pan-Turkist ideologues like Ismail Gasprinski aimed to suppress differences among the peoples who spoke Turkic languages, uniting them into one government.
This idea was supported by Vladimir Lenin, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks in Tashkent created the Turkestan ASSR. But in February 1918, the Islamic Council and the Council of Intelligentsia met in Kokand city and declared a rival Turkestan Autonomous Republic, battling Bolshevik forces until the 1920s as part of the conservative Basmachi rebellion.
The Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic was officially proclaimed on April 30, 1918.
In the late 1917, the TSFR was cut off from the RSFSR by the revolt of the Orenburg Cossacks, but held out, despite being surrounded by hostile states, until the arrival of the Red Army in September 1919 after the Counteroffensive of Eastern Front.
Meanwhile, a power struggle among the Communists ensued between those favoring a Pan-Turkist government like Turar Ryskulov and Tursun Khojaev, and those in favor of dividing Soviet Turkestan into smaller ethnic or regional units, such as Fayzulla Khodzhayev and Akmal Ikramov. The latter group won, as national delimitation in Central Asia began in 1924. Upon dissolution, the Turkestan ASSR was split into Turkmen SSR, Uzbek SSR with the Tajik ASSR, Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast, and Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast.
| Date | Name |
| 30 April 1918 | Autonomous Turkestan Republic Of The Russian Socialist Soviet Federation |
| 24 September 1920 | Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic |
| 30 December 1922 | Turkestan A.S.S.R. part of Soviet Union |
| 27 October 1924 | Dissolved |
Turksovnarkom
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars.| Initial date | Final date | Name |
| 15 November 1917 | November 1918 | Fyodor Kolesov |
| November 1918 | 19 January 1919 | Vladislav Figelskiy |
| 19 January 1919 | 31 March 1919 | Post vacant |
| 31 March 1919 | 12 September 1919 | Karp Sorokin |
| 12 September 1919 | March 1920 | Turksovnarkom defunct |
| March 1920 | May 1920 | Jānis Rudzutaks |
| May 1920 | September 1920 | Isidor Lubimov |
| 19 September 1920 | October 1922 | Kaikhaziz Atabayev |
| October 1922 | 12 January 1924 | Turar Ryskulov |
| 12 January 1924 | 27 October 1924 | Sharustam Islamov |