Uí Maine
Uí Mháine, often Anglicised as Hy Many, was one of the oldest and largest kingdoms located in Connacht, Ireland. Its territory of approximately encompassed all of what is now north, east and south County Galway, south and central County Roscommon, an area near County Clare, and at one stage had apparently subjugated land on the east bank of the Shannon, together with the parish of Lusmagh in Offaly.
There were two different Uí Mháine, the Uí Mháine of Tethbae and the Uí Mháine of Connacht; these tribes were separated by the Shannon River. The people of the kingdom were descendants of Máine Mór, who won the territory by warfare. Its sub-kingdoms, also known as lordships, included – among others – Tír Soghain, Corco Mogha, Delbhna Nuadat, Síol Anmchadha, and Máenmaige. These kingdoms were made up of offshoots of the Uí Mháine dynasty, or subject peoples of different races.
The Uí Mháine are among the ancient Irish dynasties still represented today among the recognised Irish nobility and Chiefs of the Name, by the O'Kelly of Gallagh and Tycooly, Prince of Uí Mháine and Count of the Holy Roman Empire. The Fox may represent the eastern Uí Mháine of Tethbae.
Early times
is said to have established the kingdom around 357 AD, and ruled for fifty years. Before his arrival, the area had been occupied by the Fir Bolg, ruled by King Cian d'Fhearaibh Bolg.Early leaders (in order)
| Name | Years Ruled | Death |
| Máine Mór | 50 years | natural death |
| Breasal mac Maine Mór son of Máine Mór | 30 years | natural death |
| Fiachra Finn son of Bresal | 17 years | slain by brother |
| Connall Cas Ciabhach son of Bresal | 22 years | slain |
| Dallán mac Breasal brother of Fiachra Finn | 11 years | mortally wounded then drowned |
| Duach mac Dallán son of Dallan | 16 years | slain by Maine Macamh |
| Lughaidh mac Dallán son of Dallan | 14 years | natural death |
| Feradhach mac Lughaidh son of Lughaidh | 24 years | slain by successor |
| Marcán | 15 years | slain with sword |
| Feradhach mac Lughaidh son of Feradhach | 9 years | slain by successor |
Main families
Descendant clans of the dynasty include the Ó Ceallaigh, Ó Madadháin, Ó Neachtain, Ó Cnaimhín, Ó Domhnalláin, Ó Maolalaidh, Ó Fallamháin, Ó Cionnaith,Customs
An early 15th century text Nosa Uí Maine, states that they were given rewards and treasures such as:- A portion of all "strongholds and seaport towns in the province"
- A portion of all prizes and wrecks of the sea
- * This included any wines or goods that had been washed to shore from shipwrecks, etc.
- * It also included whales and fish which became to be known as "royal fish" and were given to only the kings and queens
- Hidden treasures found underground, all silver and gold mines and other metals
- They were given a third of any revenues received by the king of Connacht of any other provinces where wrong had been done
- The revenue of killing a person was considered very large and in one document recorded was states as being "168 cows"
- Any member of a clan was given a choice to go to battle in Spring or Autumn. Most members that chose not to attend battle spent time maintaining their crops.
- It was required that "no man of the province is to be taken as witness against these tribes, but another Hy Manian is to bear witness".
- If the King of Connacht did not pull out or end a battle in 6 weeks or less when fighting in Ulster or Leinster, any member was allowed to return home.
- "However great may be the accusation brought against them by dishonest people, only one man or one witness is required to dent it or prove it against the other party."
- Uí Mhaine were to be baptised by the Comharba of St. Bridget. If parents chose not to baptise their children at St. Bridget's because they lived too far away they were required to pay the Comharba a penny.
- Uí Mhaine were required to pay a "sgreaball ongtha" to the Comharba to prepare for death during an illness. This fee was said to be 3 Irish pennies.
Annalistic references
- M918.11. A great slaughter was made of the Ui-Maine at Grian.
- M931.14. Domhnall, son of Gadhra, lord of Luighne, was slain.
Members of Uí Maine Families
- Thomas MacNevin
- Albéric O'Kelly de Galway
- William O'Kelly Nevin
- Edward Kelley, also known as Edward Talbot, Tudor occultist and self-declared spirit medium who worked with John Dee.
- Gerald Lally-Tollendahl